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PurposeThis paper aims to provide a new perspective in investigating how internal research and development (R&D) and external knowledge acquisition interact regarding their influence on innovation performance in an emerging market context. Building on an attention-based view (ABV), it argues that internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition can be substitutes for each other in emerging markets. Its contingency factors are also discussed according to the principles of the ABV.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses were empirically tested using a Tobit model approach. The data used was from the enterprise survey and the follow-up innovation survey conducted by the World Bank in 10 emerging market countries.FindingsThe results indicate that internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition entails a substitute effect among emerging market firms (EMFs). A higher level of manager's open-mindedness to external knowledge and firm performance and a lower level of firm administrative control help mitigate the substitute effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. While adequate financial resources may not necessarily mitigate the substitute effect, it is an essential condition for the external knowledge acquisition to play a role in enhancing innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research uses a set of cross-sectional data. A dynamic study will provide a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of innovation investments.Practical implicationsTo better use innovation investments, EMFs need to assess their specific conditions and the possible substitute effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition activities.Originality/valuePrevious research discussing the interactive effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition has mostly focused on an absorptive capacity perspective, which represents a firm's technical ability. This study argues that these investments not only involve in absorbing knowledge technically but also form a challenge for the limited firm resources and can cause cognitive problems in management, especially for EMFs.

AbstractInspired by the concept of generalized due dates introduced by Hall (IIE Transactions, 18(2), 220–222), in this article we first define four new generalized parameters in machine scheduling: the generalized release dates (GRD), generalized processing times (GPT), generalized rejection costs (GRC), and generalized delivery times (GDT). We then study order acceptance and scheduling problems with delivery consideration under the generalized parameters of GRD, GPT, GRC, and GDT, respectively. The objective of each scheduling problem in consideration is to minimize the maximum delivery completion time of the accepted jobs plus the total rejection penalty cost of the rejected jobs. We show that two of the six problems studied in this article are weakly NP‐hard while the other four ones can be solved in polynomial time. For each NP‐hard problem, we provide a pseudo‐polynomial time algorithm, a 2‐approximation algorithm and a fully polynomial‐time approximation scheme.