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"This book thoroughly analyzes China's political ideas regarding the international order and their reflection in China's engagement in multilateralism. It introduces the debates and discussions among Chinese intellectuals in international relation studies as an important part of non-western international relation theories, generating reflections on the convergences and divergences between China's political ideas and Europe-centric perspectives. With a focus specifically on China's main bilateral and multilateral relations in its principal regions of interest - East Asia and Central Asia - it also examines China's relationship with the United States, Russia and the European Union, and the One Belt Road initiative drawing on a mixture of primary and secondary Chinese language sources, extensive interviews with Chinese officials, academics and think tanks. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Chinese politics/studies, foreign policy analysis, Asian studies, and international relations"--

Cet article est composé en deux parties principales. La première présente les principales caractéristiques du multilatéralisme chinois, en y explorant ses origines, ses développements et ses stratégies. En seconde partie, on examine plus en détail l'impact des stratégies multilatéralistes de la Chine sur l'approche des relations extérieures de l'UE. Dans ce contexte, l'initiative "Belt and Road", l'initiative 17+1 et l'approfondissement des relations bilatérales de la Chine avec la Russie, la Turquie et l'Iran sont abordés.

Non-performing loans of commercial banks have long hampered the development of the banking sector, and directly reflect the credit risk and asset quality. With the continuous development of the financial industry, the introduction of financial inclusion has greatly eased the shortage of funds, and narrowed the gap between poor and rich. However, whether the promotion of financial inclusion in the financial industry could affect the non-performing loans of commercial banks has not been verified. Therefore, this paper discusses the possible associations between financial inclusion and non-performing loans of commercial banks on the regional level, constructs a panel data model by selecting the data of 31 provinces (including 4 municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2016, and uses the fixed effect model for empirical test. The empirical results (from an overall national sample) reveal a negative impact of the financial inclusion on non-performing loans. Moreover, the development of the banking sector and the regional consumption could enhance the impact of financial inclusion, while government intervention and unemployment could reduce the impact of financial inclusion. From the analysis of the regional sample, when the development of financial inclusion reaches a high level, the lagged financial inclusion promote the non-performing loans of commercial banks ; however, when the financial inclusion is underdeveloped, the development of commercial banks act as a disincentive to non-performing loans. Therefore, the local governments should pay more attention to the influences of financial inclusion on the financial industry, in order to maintain the stability of banking asset quality. In addition, the negative impact of financial inclusion on non-performing loans of commercial banks is significant in China central region, while its impacts in China eastern and western regions are not significant. This indicates that the development of the financial industry and economy can hamper the effects of financial inclusion. It is necessary to adjust the financial resource allocation according to the characteristics of different regions in China, so that the financial inclusion can effectively promote the regional financial industry upgrade, improve regional capital flow efficiency, and fundamentally reduce the non-performing loans of commercial banks. According to the sample analysis by time, there is a significant negative impact relationship between inclusive finance and commercial banks&rsquo ; non-performing loans after the financial crisis, while the impacts before and during the financial crisis are not significant. This demonstrates that the impact of the global financial crisis on China&rsquo ; s regional economy has further enhanced the inefficiency of the inclusive financial system on credit risk, which in turn, helps commercial banks better maintain asset quality stability.

AbstractCorporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is gaining significance in global sustainable development. Corporations can improve ESG performance through digital technology innovation (DTI). However, few studies systematically examined the relationship between DTI and ESG performance. This study uses digital technology patent application data as a proxy for DTI to provide empirical evidence. Analysis of Chinese A‐share firms from 2009 to 2021 shows that DTI significantly improves ESG performance, particularly for small‐sized and non‐state‐owned firms. Mediation analysis indicates that DTI promotes ESG performance by increasing internal control quality and human capital. Institutional environment and government digital attention optimization enhances DTI's promotion effect on ESG performance. Firms with advanced digital transformation can better improve ESG performance through DTI. The findings expand the theoretical understanding of DTI's role in corporate sustainability and provide practical insights into how managers can leverage DTI opportunities to strengthen ESG performance.

A series of tests investigating the damage effects of fluid-filled submunitions by high velocity projectile impact were conducted. An analytical model is presented, in which the yaw angle of the projectile was taken into account. Based on the analytical model, the influence of the strike angle, hit-point offset distance and projectile length to diameter ratio on submunition damage ratio were predicted. The analytical results showed a good agreement with the experiments. The submunition damage ratio strongly depends on the hit-point offset distance, showing a significant decrease with increasing hit-point offset distance. For large hit-point offset distance, increasing the length to diameter ratio of the projectile will effectively improve the submunition damage ratio. There is an appropriate yaw angle of the projectile in which the submunition damage ratio will be maximal.

Structural realists, notably Waltz and Mearsheimer, have argued for the persistence of an anarchic international political system characterized by the absence of any centralized authority positioned above individual states. Mearsheimer has further suggested that a Sino-U.S. conflict is likely to occur in the future under conditions of anarchy. Based on the perspectives of classical realism, Chinese traditions, and relevant historical experience, we interrogate Mearsheimer's contention, arguing that hierarchies can thrive under conditions of international anarchy. Thus, international anarchy does not endure in perpetuity.

Rural areas in southern China receive ample rainfall annually as well as over 1600 h of annual sunshine. Despite a generally severe urban–rural development imbalance, these rural areas feature well-developed basic infrastructure and diverse economic activities. Rural revitalization policies in these areas have emphasized the development of cultural and ecological tourism, which has spurred economic development and given rise to a trend of villa construction. Residential buildings sit on large areas where natural resources are abundant. These advantages are conducive to the development and use of sustainable resources. This study proposes an incentive policy encouraging rural residents to renovate their buildings to include rainwater conservation and solar power generation. The Delphi method, an analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy logic theory were combined to establish an AI-MCDM model, with applications of artificial intelligence and multiple-criteria decision making. Using Conghua District, Guangdong Province as an example, the study suggested that the model is beneficial to increasing the willingness of rural residents to reconstruct and renovate their residences, promoting the development of a low-carbon ecological region, Wenquan Township. We conducted the Delphi process twice to assess and validate incentives for installing natural resource conservation structures in agricultural areas. Nine criteria were identified, which can be divided into three main dimensions of participation situation, generating capacity, and storage facilities. The proposed AI-MCDM model developed using the Delphi–Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Model has high objectivity and can support rural areas in developing low-carbon, sustainable characteristics. The findings can serve as a reference for governments formulating incentives to encourage the installation of rainwater conservation and solar energy generation structures by rural households.