Suchergebnisse

Since the financial crisis of 2008, risk based performance management has been one of the important indicator to determine the financial health of banks and financial institutions. This study relates to the problem within the Russian Banking sector for regulators to determine and reduce risks at the marco-level and assessing performance of banks at the micro-level. The objectives are: to analyse a range of performance indicators and to structure the Russian banking sector. To explore the structure of Russian Banking sector in terms of performance over the period 2000-2010, we took a sample of 1279 banks and the financial data which was in the HTML format was extracted through PHP programming. With the help of trend analysis, the period 2000-2010 was divided into four sub periods: the period of stabilization (2002-2004), substantial development (2004-2007), financial crisis (2007-2009) and moderate development (2009-2010). Multivariate analysis were applied to classify the sample banks in these sub periods which provides evidence that despite the changes in the stage of development of the economy, the Russian Banking sector can be described with quantitative modeling. Naturally, the structural changes are affected by the described economic cycles, but these changes do not affect the determination capabilities of the model. In the period 2002-2004, nine types of banks are found. There are some prosperous as well as weak banks. During the period 2004-2007, banks had a chance to increase their profits; the banking sector became more differentiated – 12 clusters are singled out. There is no doubt that the financial crisis also affected the banking industry; there were still 12 clusters in 2007-2009, but the majority were concentrated into a single cluster with low performance indicators. Finally, the Russian banking sector started its development in the period 2009-2010, uniting some bank clusters, 10 groups are found. The results indicated that through mathematical modelling, Russian banks could be rated as "rating groups" based on their performance which might be of particular interest to bank's managers, investors, credit analysts and bank regulators. Moreover, it could be emphasized that the changes in structure are not significant, as certain groups of banks can be found at any period of time. These groups or clusters can be referred to certain "rating groups" (from the banks with the best results to those with low results) and compared to international ratings.

Our purpose is to examine the determinants of subnational distribution of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the key fifteen regions of Russia over the period of 2005-2011 using panel data. Within the most important economic regions of the country we found market seeking is still the main purpose of foreign inward investments. As a result, the size of the Russian consumer market presents a significant influence on the foreign economic activities alongside trade openness and government economic incentives. Our results from regression analysis indicate that gross regional product per capita, trade openness and the existence of special economic zones have significant positive impact on the regional distribution of FDI in the Russian Federation.

Our purpose is to examine the determinants of subnational distribution of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the key fifteen regions of Russia over the period of 2005-2011 using panel data. Within the most important economic regions of the country we found market seeking is still the main purpose of foreign inward investments. As a result, the size of the Russian consumer market presents a significant influence on the foreign economic activities alongside trade openness and government economic incentives. Our results from regression analysis indicate that gross regional product per capita, trade openness and the existence of special economic zones have significant positive impact on the regional distribution of FDI in the Russian Federation.

PurposeThe main aim of this paper is to examine the role of the board of directors in Russia with specific attention to their independence, employee relations and ability of successful adaptation of the international standards.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a survey questionnaire to provide an empirical example from a transition economy to the corporate governance literature by exploring the attitudes of the 55 board directors from 30 listed companies on the Russian Trading System (RTS) Stock Exchange.FindingsThe respondents recognise the board of directors as an important instrument of efficient and good corporate governance practice. More surprisingly, they are also in favour of employee representatives on the board of directors and agree that board size and composition should be enhanced by employee representatives on the board.Research limitation/implicationsEven though 200 questionnaires were distributed and the response rate was 28 per cent, the authors know that they cannot generalise results for all directors of 1,414 listed companies on the Russian Trading System Stock Exchange from this level of response. In addition, questions might have some elements of subjectivity.Practical implicationsPolicy makers in Russia should continue reforms in Russian corporate governance to improve transparency and accountability to adopt international standards and to attract foreign capital.Originality/valueThis study is one of the most comprehensive studies to explain the role of directors of listed companies in corporate governance throughout a survey questionnaire in Russia. The authors believe that the study contributes to the literature in two ways: theoretically by examining the attitudes of Russian listed company directors in the literature and empirically by conducting a survey among listed companies' directors to evaluate the attitudes of boards of directors, and employee relations in Russia.

Purpose
Graduate employability is a key concern for many observers particularly at a time when education is increasingly available for the masses. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of graduate perceived employability on job search by integrating theory of planned behavior and to identify how job search self-efficacy, subjective norms, intention and intensity change over time.


Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a six-wave survey study with a sample of Chinese university graduating students.


Findings
Results show that perceived employability has a positive and significant effect on job search self-efficacy, attitude, intention and intensity; and that all the repeated measuring variables (except job search attitude) decreased over time.


Practical implications
The study is useful for educators, employers and prospective students. It prompts discussion of reforms in the curriculum to increase graduate awareness of the complexity of the job search process and existing opportunities. The study could also help to explain how job search behavior changes over time.


Originality/value
The findings carry implications for both higher education research and the measures of improving graduate employability. The study fills the gap in the literature by integrating employability and the theory of planned behavior into one framework in order to analyze the process of Chinese university graduates' job search behavior.