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Capitalist relations are the crucial object of social critique due to their innate tendency to accelerate the metabolic rift and alienation, yet, I argue, our focus should stretch beyond capitalist relations. Indeed, both ecocidal and conservationist tendencies have occurred in multiple historical forms of social relations, including socialist societies, for example, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. These are phenomena that reiterate the social, rather than purely capitalist relations as the driver of environmental destruction. Metabolic rifts occur due to malfunctioning of the human–human/human–nature relationships and it is the elimination and prevention of that malfunctioning that must be the aim of radical environmental politics and policies, not merely (the necessary) elimination of capitalist relations. This article contributes to the symposium in three complementary ways. First, it critiques the application of dialectical reading of human–nature relations as articulated in the Foster–Moore debate in its own right. Second, it rearticulates that reading through the lens of the dialectical biospheric analytics of late Soviet ecology. And third, it invokes the dialectical thought of Evald Ilyenkov.

The transformation process began, the young Ukrainian state with extremely favorable starting conditions. Externally forced upon reforms, but especially the original accumulation of capital by the new kleptocratic oligarch layer the country collapsed finally into a deep socio-economic crisis. This ultimately led to the Maidan events and to civil war in the east of the country. Adapted from the source document.

Jaitner, F. et al.: Die Ukraine - postsowjetische Staatenbildung in der Krise. - S. [28]-33