Suchergebnisse

The multifaceted nature of the boundary phenomenon causes difficulties in its application. Therefore, in order to study the phenomenon of the borderland, in the context of the ethno- geographical space, it is necessary to imagine the studied area as a borderland of cultures, ethnic groups, states, communities, traditions, norms and values or as a terrain in which social structures (spaces, dimensions) are superimposed on the geographical space of society, what is a goal of the article. The phenomenon of the border is that in its space of interaction new forms of solidarity of social communities arise, cross-border social networks are formed. The novelty of the study is formed in the processes of mutual attraction and mutual repulsion of cultural traditions and symbolic systems in the border zones became the arguments in favor of the study of borders as special socio-cultural phenomena with their own regional identity. As it turned out, these zones are characterized by a special system of interaction between "own" and "other". Conclusions. The matrix of this interaction does not always coincide with territorial borders or demarcation lines. In the most general way the interpretation of the borderland as a category implies a constant stay on the border - between states, eras, cultures. One of its options is the territory of Halychyna, Bukovyna, Transcarpathia. When Ukrainians in difficult, dramatic conditions had to fight for their national self-identification through the development of Ukrainian education and culture in confrontation with foreign ruling state systems.

The article is devoted to Cossacks as an extraordinary phenomenon in European history. Its peculiarity is that it became a separate social class with certain rights and had its own territory, independent of the state administration. The relevance of this new social force was caused primarily by the strengthening of social, economic and religious coercion of broad sections of the population. The question of archification, barbarism and civilization is raised as a social and cultural process through which it passed establishment of Cossack identity realizes the novelty of the study. The article uses the descriptive and comparative methods. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the issue of national self-assertion in the 17th century passed into the hands of the Cossacks. It was the Cossacks who had to take over the baton of the former Ukrainian "classocracy", which for a long period was in a state of decay and destruction. The Cossacks turned out to be capable of directing the manifestations of the protest movement of different classes in the direction of the long national liberation war against Polish rule, which led to the formation of an independent Ukrainian state – Hetmanship.

The article defines civilization as a human community. which for a certain period of time (the process of origin, development, death or transformation of civilization) has stable special features in socio-political organization, economy and culture (science, technology, art, etc.) common spiritual values and ideals, mentality (worldview). The question of the regionality of the civilization to which Ukraine belongs, as well as its limitrophy, ie the intermediate between Western European and Eurasian civilizations, is raised. It is emphasized that Ukraine's civilizational progress in Europe is intensified by the decommunization of the social and political life of our society. Decommunization is one of the few reforms that has been implemented since the Revolution of Dignity. With the adoption of decommunization laws, the policy of changing the historical narrative and the formation of cultural memory became official and purposeful. This process has an objective basis, its cataloging was the events of Euromaidan, but even more so - the Russian war against Ukraine. At the same time, it is impossible not to mention the influence of the past on ways of thinking and social structure, ie historical memory. The article notes that the process of creating new memorable meanings in a transitional society is a necessary condition for overcoming the dualism of the historical memory of Ukrainians. In this sense, the state policy of memory should be focused on the destruction of totalitarian attitudes and stereotypes, the formation of a unifying system of values.