The Electronic visa legislative regulation is one of the highest priorities in the country's migration, security and visa policies. The purpose of this study is to compare the legal aspects of visa policy making in the process of issuing electronic visas in Ukraine and in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the distinctive and common features of this type of visa, legislative features, practical aspects, taking into account the specific national legislation of these countries; elicit the disadvantages and perspectives of e-visa. Over a period of 3 months, about 100 Saudi and 20 Ukrainian respondents were interviewed to identify the pros and cons of existing e-visa regulations in both countries. As a results of the research, the hypothesis put forward regarding the fact that in the next 5-10 years, e-visas will almost completely replace the visa application for obtaining short-term visas through diplomatic institutions. It was established that this required the creation of a more simplified and faster way to obtain an e-visa, while not losing ground in matters of state security and migration. As a result of comparison it has been established that service of electronic visas in Ukraine was launched one and a half years earlier than in Saudi Arabia, which enabled her to secure more completely the situation and take into account the nuances of the legislative level; the amount of the visa fee for applying for an electronic visa established by Ukraine and Saudi Arabia is acceptable for most applicants, although in comparison with a visa-free or one-time electronic authorization fee for several years, these amounts are large.
Purpose: to develop theoretical and legal basis and analyze regulatory framework of restrictions of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment. Methods: structured system, comparative legal, special juridical and logical-normative methods were methodological foundation of the study. Results: there have been defined features of restrictions of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment on the basis of which the definition of the restriction is given; the legal and regulatory framework for restricting the rights of prisoners is systematized. There is defined the absence of clear system and continuity in restrictive norms in the scheme of "international legal norms – constitutional norms – norms of special criminal executive legislation". The paper makes the case for establishing restrictions of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment exclusively by law. The rational criteria for the classification of restrictions of rights are determined, as well as the characteristics of restrictions of rights of convicts are formulated. Discussion: the defined definition, essential features of restriction of rights of people sentenced to imprisonment, the systematization of normative legal sources regulating such restrictions, as well as the classification of the types of rights restrictions of the specified category of people are proposed to be used as theoretical basis for further scientific research of the issues of securing rights and freedoms of people sentenced to imprisonment. ; Цель: разработка теоретико-правовых основ и анализ состояния нормативной регламентации правоограничений лиц, осужденных к лишению свободы. Методы: методологическую основу исследования составили системно-структурный, сравнительно-правовой, специально-юридический и логико-нормативный методы. Результаты: определяются признаки правоограничения лиц, осужденных к лишению свободы, основываясь на которых формулируется понятие такого правоограничения; систематизируется нормативно-правовое обеспечение ограничений заключенных. Устанавливается отсутствие ...
Purpose: The effectiveness of human rights protection in the Council of Europe largely depends on activities of the European Court, which demonstrates high standards of justice, particularly in matters of human rights protection in the field of aviation activities. The article offers a critical assessment of Ukrainian national legislation in terms of its internal legal consistency and compliance with international legal acts. Methods: The methods of legal analysis are used to study court decisions in the aviation field; methods of comparative legal analysis, forecasting and dialectical - in the study of problems in the further improvement of Ukrainian legislation. Also in article applied the theory of legal comparative, approaches to applying the analogy of legal and law in process of making decisions on similar court cases. Results: The article deals with the analysis of the European Court of Human Rights jurisdiction on cases of protection of human rights in the field of aviation activities. Two groups of cases in which Ukraine is a defendant are identified: a) cases of international concern (in particular the Malaysia Airlines' Boeing 777-200ER crash); b) cases of national character (citizens of Ukraine against the State of Ukraine). The author's position on deciding the cases in the field of aviation activities is based on the principles of respect for the European Convention on Human Rights, 1950. Discussion: The conclusion about the necessity of amending some national laws, taking into account the legal positions of the European Court (in particular, regarding the right of airlines workers to strike) is made, and the fact that the issues of States and airlines activities to respect human and civil rights in the field of aviation activities are covered by jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights and occupy an important place in its practice is indicated. ; Цель: Эффективность защиты прав человека в Совете Европы во многом зависит от деятельности именно Европейского Суда, который демонстрирует ...
Purpose: Determining legislative conflicts and gaps related to imposing sanctions by the National Bank of Ukraine to banks as well as developing the grounded offers on how to eliminate the respective legal defects. Results: Comparing the aim of banking regulation assigned to the NBU and the aim of regulation in other areas of the state economy (e.g., financial, environmental protection and safety and etc.) allows assuming that the state has vested the NBU with a 'superfunction' that would be more appropriate for the Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) of Ukraine as the single state legislative authority authorized to create the system of the rules of law in different areas of the social life of the country (including the banking sector). Based on the general legal doctrine, we consider that the provision of the Law of Ukraine on the National Bank of Ukraine stipulating the primary aim of banking regulation, especially the development of the system of rules, should be amended by replacing the term 'banking regulation' by the category 'banking legal regulation' in particular. Therewith, it should be defined that the latter aims at harmonizing social relations in the banking sector. We also thing that it is reasonable to – first and foremost – define the term 'banking legal regulation' and its meaning in the basic sectoral legislative act – the Law of Ukraine on Banks and Banking. In this article accentuated that the most controversial direction of banking regulation is 'the responsibility for the violation of banking laws.' Having analysed the effective laws, we can state that today the NBU covers the powers at three levels with different organization: first, making a decision on bank liquidation; second, implementing this decision (particularly by registering the bank liquidation in the Unified State Registry of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs); third, controlling and supervising the process of the implementation of the bank liquidation decision. Furthermore is concluded that the legal status of the NBU in ...
Due to the spread of new methods of committing fraudulent actions using electronic devices, the problem arose to provide you with adequate characteristics of criminal law for the development of measures leading to counteracting such crimes. The objective of the article was to identify common methods in Ukraine of committing fraud using computers, to assess the characteristics of criminal law that these crimes have, and, in turn, to determine measures to counter them. Methodologically, this is a documentary investigation. The scientific novelty of the study's findings was to identify methods of performing fraudulent actions using electronic computers that will improve the legal qualification of crimes and affect the prosecution of persons guilty of committing such illegal actions. Measures to prevent such criminal offences were also developed. The results of the study help improve the work of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, in determining recurrent methods of committing fraudulent actions using electronic means and their proper qualification, providing an opportunity to prosecute those who commit such illegal actions and develop ways for cybercrime research and prevention in general.
The purpose of the research is to determine the sufficiency of the system of state control of the state needs when implementing an effective educational governmental order as the main instrument for ensuring the constitutional right of citizens to free education in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research is the positivistic theory of law and functionalism. Hermeneutical and normative and analytical methods were used to find out the content of sources of legal regulation of educational governmental orders; methods of forecasting, legal modeling and analogy of the law contributed to the development of proposals for improving current legislation. The results of the research showed that the system of state control over the process of implementing the educational governmental order in Ukraine is not formed yet. The results of the analysis of legislation showedthat indirect control in this field is provided only by special financial control bodies to verify the effectiveness of using budget funds in the process of educational governmental order. The work demonstrates systemic violations that have been identified by the supervisory authorities for five years in this field. In order to prevent violations of the law in the field of educational governmental order, as well as to form an effective system of state control at all stages of governmental order, it is proposed to empower the key authorities with appropriate control functions and powers. On the basis of the gaps in law the regulation of control activities that were found in modern legislation, for efficient solution of problems (before the drafting and adoption of the relevant legislative changes by the Parliament) it is considered rational to take as a basis provisions of general norms of legislative acts, which regulate allied legal relations, namely in the field of governmental order. ; El propósito de la investigación es determinar la suficiencia del sistema de control estatal de las necesidades del estado al implementar un orden gubernamental educativo efectivo como el principal instrumento para garantizar el derecho constitucional de los ciudadanos a la educación gratuita en Ucrania. La base metodológica de la investigación es la teoría positivista del derecho y el funcionalismo. Se utilizaron métodos hermenéuticos, normativos y analíticos para averiguar el contenido de las fuentes de regulación legal de las órdenes gubernamentales educativas; Los métodos de pronóstico, modelos legales y analogía de la ley contribuyeron al desarrollo de propuestas para mejorar la legislación actual. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que el sistema de control estatal sobre el proceso de implementación del orden gubernamental educativo en Ucrania aúnno se ha formado. Los resultados del análisis de la legislación mostraron que el control indirecto en este campo solo lo proporcionan organismos especiales de control financiero para verificar la efectividad del uso de los fondos presupuestarios en el proceso de orden gubernamental educativo. El trabajo demuestra violaciones sistémicas que han sido identificadas por las autoridades de supervisión durante cinco años en este campo. Con el fin de prevenir violaciones de la ley en el campo del orden gubernamental educativo, así como para formar un sistema efectivo de control estatal en todas las etapas del orden gubernamental, se propone habilitar a las autoridades clave con funciones y poderes de control apropiados. Sobre la base de las lagunas en la ley, la regulación de las actividades de control que se encontraron en la legislación moderna, para la solución eficiente de los problemas (antes de la redacción y adopción de los cambios legislativos relevantes por el Parlamento) se considera racional tomar como base las disposiciones de las normas generales de los actos legislativos, que regulan las relaciones legales aliadas, a saber, en el campo del orden gubernamental. ; O objetivo da pesquisa é determinar a suficiência do sistema de controle estatal das necessidades do Estado ao implementar uma ordem governamental educativa eficaz como o principal instrumento para garantir o direito constitucional dos cidadãos à educação gratuita na Ucrânia. A base metodológica da pesquisa é a teoria positivista do direito e do funcionalismo. Métodos hermenêuticos e normativos e analíticos foram utilizados para descobrir o conteúdo das fontes de regulação legal das ordens governamentais educacionais; métodos de previsão, modelagem legal e analogia da lei contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de propostas para melhorar a legislação vigente. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que o sistema de controle estatal sobre o processo de implementação da ordem governamental educacional na Ucrânia ainda não está formado. Os resultados da análise da legislação mostraram que o controle indireto neste campo é fornecido apenas por órgãos especiais de controle financeiro para verificar a eficácia do uso de recursos orçamentários no processo de ordem governamental educacional. O trabalho demonstra violações sistêmicas que foram identificadas pelas autoridades de supervisão por cinco anos neste campo. A fim de evitar violações da lei no campo da ordem governamental educacional, bem como para formar um sistema efetivo de controle estatal em todas as etapas da ordem governamental, propõe-se capacitar as principais autoridades com funções e poderes de controle apropriados. Com base nas lacunas da lei, a regulamentação das actividades de controlo que foram encontradas na legislação moderna, para uma solução eficiente dos problemas (antes da redacção e adopção das alterações legislativas relevantes pelo Parlamento), considera-se racional tomar como base as disposições de normas gerais de actos legislativos, que regulam as relações jurídicas aliadas, nomeadamente no domínio da ordem governamental.
The agrarian sector of any agricultural country is always the most attractive for citizens and business. The free acquisition of a land plot by citizens from territorial communities or the state is, on the one hand, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, and on the other hand, it is one of the most problematic rights in the conditions of gradual reduction of the respective land allotments. On this basis, the disproportionality between supply and demand gives rise to numerous conflicts between citizens and authorities, which are most often resolved in courts. At the same time, the imperfection of the Ukrainian legislation leads to ambiguous judicial practice in resolving relevant disputes, which is considered inadmissible, especially for the candidate countries for the European Union membership. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the position, according to which the activity of a governmental authority in granting citizens the permit for the development of a land management plan for a land plot allocation should be recognized as an administrative service. To achieve this goal, the following general legal and branch methods of perception of social phenomena are used: formal and legal method, comparative and legal method, state and legal modelling method, and others. The main results are the construction of an algorithm of normative arguments, which prove that the permit for the development of a land management plan for a land plot allocation is a type of administrative services. The reasons are provided for the necessity to enshrine the list of services in the field of land relations, which have the status of administrative services, in the legislative act, as well as to develop standard provisions for such administrative services.
The agrarian sector of any agricultural country is always the most attractive for citizens and business. The free acquisition of a land plot by citizens from territorial communities or the state is, on the one hand, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, and on the other hand, it is one of the most problematic rights in the conditions of gradual reduction of the respective land allotments. On this basis, the disproportionality between supply and demand gives rise to numerous conflicts between citizens and authorities, which are most often resolved in courts. At the same time, the imperfection of the Ukrainian legislation leads to ambiguous judicial practice in resolving relevant disputes, which is considered inadmissible, especially for the candidate countries for the European Union membership. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the position, according to which the activity of a governmental authority in granting citizens the permit for the development of a land management plan for a land plot allocation should be recognized as an administrative service. To achieve this goal, the following general legal and branch methods of perception of social phenomena are used: formal and legal method, comparative and legal method, state and legal modelling method, and others. The main results are the construction of an algorithm of normative arguments, which prove that the permit for the development of a land management plan for a land plot allocation is a type of administrative services. The reasons are provided for the necessity to enshrine the list of services in the field of land relations, which have the status of administrative services, in the legislative act, as well as to develop standard provisions for such administrative services. ; El sector agrario de cualquier país agrícola es siempre el más atractivo para los ciudadanos y las empresas. La adquisición gratuita de una parcela de tierra por parte de ciudadanos de comunidades territoriales o del estado está, por un lado, garantizada por la Constitución de Ucrania, y por otro lado, es uno de los derechos más problemáticos en las condiciones de reducción gradual de las asignaciones de tierras respectivas. Sobre esta base, la desproporcionalidad entre la oferta y la demanda da lugar a numerosos conflictos entre ciudadanos y autoridades, que a menudo se resuelven en los tribunales. Al mismo tiempo, la imperfección de la legislación ucraniana lleva a una práctica judicial ambigua en la resolución de disputas relevantes, lo que se considera inadmisible, especialmente para los países candidatos a la membresía en la Unión Europea. El propósito del artículo es fundamentar la posición, según la cual la actividad de una autoridad gubernamental al otorgar a los ciudadanos el permiso para el desarrollo de un plan de manejo de tierras para una asignación de parcelas debe reconocerse como un servicio administrativo. Para lograr este objetivo, se utilizan los siguientes métodos generales y legales de percepción de fenómenos sociales: método formal y legal, método comparativo y legal, método de modelado estatal y legal, y otros. Los resultados principales son la construcción de un algoritmo de argumentos normativos, que prueban que el permiso para el desarrollo de un plan de manejo de tierras para una asignación de parcelas es un tipo de servicios administrativos. Se proporcionan los motivos para la necesidad de consagrar la lista de servicios en el campo de las relaciones territoriales, que tienen el estado de servicios administrativos, en el acto legislativo, así como para desarrollar disposiciones estándar para dichos servicios administrativos. ; Земельний сектор будь-якої аграрної держави є завжди найбільш привабливим для громадян та підприємництва. Безоплатне отримання земельної ділянки громадянами від територіальних громад чи держави є, з одного боку, гарантованим Конституцією України правом, з іншого – одним з найбільш проблемних в умовах поступового зменшення відповідних земельних наділів. На цій основі дисбаланс попиту й пропозиції породжує численні конфлікти між громадянами та владними органами, які найчастіше вирішуються у судовому порядку. При цьому недосконалість українського законодавства призводить до неоднозначної судової практики у вирішенні відповідних спорів, що уважається неприйнятним, особливо для країн кандидатів на членство у Європейському Союзі. Метою статті є аргументування позиції, згідно з якою діяльність органу влади з надання дозволу громадянам на розроблення проекту землеустрою щодо відведення земельної ділянки має визнаватися адміністративною послугою. Для досягнення цієї мети використовувались загально юридичні та галузеві методи пізнання суспільних явищ, зокрема, це: формально-юридичний метод, порівняльно-правовий метод, метод державно-правового моделювання та інші. Основні результати полягають у побудові алгоритму нормативних аргументів, які доводять, що дозвіл на розроблення проекту землеустрою для відведення земельної ділянки є різновидом адміністративних послуг. Аргументується необхідність закріплення в законодавчому акті переліку послуг в сфері земельних відносин, які мають статус адміністративних послуг, а також розроблення типових положень про такі адміністративні послуги.
The purpose of the research is to determine the sufficiency of the system of state control of the state needs when implementing an effective educational governmental order as the main instrument for ensuring the constitutional right of citizens to free education in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research is the positivistic theory of law and functionalism. Hermeneutical and normative and analytical methods were used to find out the content of sources of legal regulation of educational governmental orders; methods of forecasting, legal modeling and analogy of the law contributed to the development of proposals for improving current legislation. The results of the research showed that the system of state control over the process of implementing the educational governmental order in Ukraine is not formed yet. The results of the analysis of legislation showed that indirect control in this field is provided only by special financial control bodies to verify the effectiveness of using budget funds in the process of educational governmental order. The work demonstrates systemic violations that have been identified by the supervisory authorities for five years in this field. In order to prevent violations of the law in the field of educational governmental order, as well as to form an effective system of state control at all stages of governmental order, it is proposed to empower the key authorities with appropriate control functions and powers. On the basis of the gaps in law the regulation of control activities that were found in modern legislation, for efficient solution of problems (before the drafting and adoption of the relevant legislative changes by the Parliament) it is considered rational to take as a basis provisions of general norms of legislative acts, which regulate allied legal relations, namely in the field of governmental order.
The agrarian sector in global trade, as well as processes related to the liberalization of international agricultural trade, is still a subject of long-standing discussions at the international level. The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, on the one hand, opens up good prospects for increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural producers, on the other hand, it causes a lot of difficulties related to the general state of the Ukrainian society. Purpose of the paper is to analyze the international standards for trade of agricultural products, codified in international agreements and specified in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, as well as in identification on its basis the prospects and challenges (risks) for the Ukrainian agricultural market in the course of this Agreement provisions implementation. In the paper historical-sociological and system-structural analysis have been used, which helped to reveal the fluctuations of eurointegration sentiments in Ukraine and establish their connection with the inertia of unsolved social contradictions inherited since the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics, which are particularly visible in a modern Ukrainian village. Comparative-legal, formal-logical and hermeneutical methods have been used in the study of international universal and regional treaties in order to understand the contents of international standards related to international trade and the processes of its liberalization and the specifics of their applying in the agricultural sector during the acting of the General Trade Tariffs-47 and under the auspices of the World Trade Organization. Statistical method has been used to study the data of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, which made it possible to assume a social status of rural communities, and others. The result of the research revealed the fluctuations of eurointegration sentiments in Ukraine. The attention has been paid to the duration of the inertia of the unresolved social contradictions caused by those fluctuations. It has been proved that the prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU and ways of their implementation should be understood in the context of historical circumstances that have developed over the previous century and have a powerful inertia of counteracting innovations, reinforced by mistrust between the new elite and the bulk of the impoverished population. The position has been supported that a key to success of reforms in Ukraine is to exclude caste privileges and build a civil society, taking into account the experience of the Western legal tradition. Implementing its European choice, Ukraine should focus not on superficial indicators of well-being that do not have a real basis, but also to master the philosophical-legal context of the acquis of European law in its broadest interpretation. ; Ukrainos ir ES asociacijos susitarimas, viena vertus, atveria geras perspektyvas didinti Ukrai-nos žemės ūkio gamintojų konkurencingumą, kita vertus, tai sukelia daug sunkumų, susijusių su bendra Ukrainos visuomenės padėtimi. Šio darbo tikslas - nustatyti Ukrainos žemės ūkio rinkos perspektyvas ir iššūkius (riziką) įgy-vendinant Ukrainos ir ES asociacijos susitarimą. Tyrimo metodai: istorinė-sociologinė, sisteminė-struktūrinė, lyginamoji-teisinė, formali-loginė analizė ir hermeneutiniai tyrimai padėjo ištirti tarp-tautines visuotines ir regionines sutartis, siekiant suprasti tarptautinių standartų, susijusių su tarptau-tine prekyba ir jos procesais, turinį, liberalizavimą ir jų taikymo ypatumus žemės ūkio sektoriuje taikant Bendrąjį prekybos tarifą (47) ir globojant Pasaulio prekybos organizacijai. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė eurointegracijos nuotaikų svyravimus Ukrainoje. Įrodyta, kad Uk-rainos ir ES bendradarbiavimo perspektyvos ir jų įgyvendinimo būdai Ukrainos žemės ūkio rinkoje turėtų būti interpretuojami atsižvelgiant į istorines aplinkybes. Ukrainos reformų sėkmės raktas - pa-šalinti kastų privilegijas ir kurti pilietinę visuomenę, atsižvelgiant į Vakarų teisinės tradicijos patirtį. Raktiniai žodžiai: tarptautinė žemės ūkio prekyba, Asociacijos susitarimas, Ukrainos visuo-menė, Ac-quis communautaire, pilietinė visuomenė, žemės ūkis, perspektyvos ir iššūkiai. JEL kodai: K33, Q13.
