Suchergebnisse

One of the most significant current discussions in development country is poverty, including in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the most populous in the worlds with 237.6 million people in 2010, where 76.93 % of poverty are concentrated in Java(55.33%) and Sumatra(21.6%), followed by the Sulawesi (7.15%), Bali and Nusa Tenggara (6.90%), Maluku and Papua(5.69 %) and the Borneo (3.26%). The Sumatra Island is the second most populous after Java. This paper attempted to create profiling poverty of 151 residences and cities in Sumatera. The poverty characteristics included in the profiling are:levelof education, manpower distribution, expenditures per capita, health, housing facilities, and government's poverty eradication programs. Data resources are from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). The data were analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Data Analysis. From the 45 original variables, the analysis of components with factor analysis produced as many as 32 variables as the main components, adequate for further analysis as 'key factors' for social economic characteristic profile of residences and cities in Sumatera. These main components demonstrated the adequate values of KMO, MSA, and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity.Following the result from Factor Analysis to obtain the important factors of poverty, the method of hierarchical cluster analysis was, further, used to classify the profiles of 108 residences and cities in Sumatera. The results of cluster analysis with 5interesting clusters of poverty profile of socio-economic indicators show that Cluster 1 comprises of 7 residences with similar characteristic of level of educationand manpower distribution. Cluster 2 includes 9 residences with similar level of education and expenditures per capita. Cluster 3 consists of 36 residences and 2 cities with similar manpower distribution and expenditures per capita patterns. Cluster 4 comprises of 23 residences and 3 cities showing its own distinct characteristics in their similarity patterns of expenditures per capita and housing facilities. Then, the cluster 5 consists of 2 residences and 27 cities showing the similar patterns in level of education and housing facilities.

Riau Province is the province with abundant natural resources,such as petroleum, oil palm, coconut, and cacao and other plantation commodities.Nevertheless, the contrary condition happens in the aspect of food commodities. Riau Province still relies on its needs of food from the neighbor provinces, namely West Sumatra Province, North Sumatra, Jambi and importing from overseas.One of the main problem that happens in Riau Province is the lack of food production or the deficiency between production and needs of consumption which tend to increase and if the number of food deficiency is not reduced, the food insecurity is about to worry to happen in the future. In line with the national food security policy and in order to reduce the dependence of rice supply from other regions in 2013 therefore in 2009 The Government of Riau Province launched a program named Operasi Pangan Riau Makmur (OPRM). The aims of the research are: (1)to figure out the profile of farmers as the participants of OPRM Program in Kampar Regency (2) to analyze the dominant factors affecting the lowland rice farming activities in Kampar Regency (3) to analyze factors affecting paddy production and technical efficiency level and the alocative aspect of lowland rice farming in Kampar Regency.The method of analysis used in the research were qualitative (descriptive) analysis to answer the first aim, Cob-douglas production function analysis to answer the second aim and frontier production function and multiple function of border cost with DEAP approach to answer the third aim. The result showed that the land area, ureum fertilizer, SP36 fertilizer, organic fertilizer, labor, land suitability, experience in farming activity and education affected the production significantly. In general the farmers as participants and the non-participantsof OPRM program have been efficient technically, but they were not efficient in alocative and economic aspect.

Optimizing the area of oil palm plantations can be approached through the Cow and Palm Oil Integration System (SISKA), to increase efficiency and productivity through the integration of the plantation sub-sector with the livestock sub-sector. This study aimed to analyze the role of farmer groups and the institutional aspects of these groups in supporting the SISKA program in Pelalawan District. The approach used in this study was the institutional theory of Syahyuti. The role of farmer groups (as learning classes, production units and vehicles for collaboration) and institutional aspects of farmer groups (aspects of values, norms and behavior) were analyzed using Likert scale. The relationship between the roles and institutional aspects of the farmer groups was analyzed by Spearman Correlation test. The overall role of the farmer group is in the good category with a score of 3.49, most of the members (69.60%) answered in the fairly good and good category. The overall institutional aspects based on values, norms and behavior in the SISKA farmer group are in the good category with a score of 4.05. Correlation on sub-variable values, norms and behavior towards the role of farmers as units of production is a strong direct correlation. This shows that values, norms and behavior in groups affect, encourage and enhance the role of groups as learning classes that support the level of knowledge of farmers and the role of farmer groups as production unit.

Provision of government assistance to the SISKA (integration of cattle and oilpalm) program has encouraged farmers to form groups. One component of the aid was the communal stall which is a joint enclosure developed in one location. The development of communal stalls is not always successfully maintained by the groups. This study aimed to analyze the perception of SISKA farmers on the role of extension as well as the driving and inhibiting factors of the extension role. The study was conducted in Kecamatan Pangkalan Lesung and Kerumutan Subdistrict of Pelalawan District based on the existence of 11 groups of farmers who still apply SISKA. The analytical method used was perception analysis by average scoring method and perceptual mapping by spiderweb graph. Sampling was conducted by census in 11 farmer groups with a total of 125 members (38 farmers who applied individual stalls and 87 farmers who applied communal stalls). The results showed that the perception towards extension of farmers applying communal stalls was in "good"category, while the perception of farmers applying individual stalls was in "less good" category. The role of extension workers in both systems that has not been functioning was in facilitating farmers to partner.