Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction -- 2. GEMINI model -- 3. The dramatic rise of China -- 4. The emergence of India -- 5. The Latin American trifecta -- 6. The volatile oil economies -- 7. Other emerging economies -- 8. Growth: different speeds -- 9. Equity: is human developments in emerging markets getting better for most? -- 10. Money: bank, capital markets, and fintech -- 11. Institutions: is governance the weak spot? -- 12. National competitiveness: integration into world economy and productivity -- 12: Infrastructure: what is the future for transport and sustainable energy? -- 13. What can GEMINI teach us about escaping the middle income trap?.

This book provides an empirical analysis of economic and political structures impacting the CFA franc zone. Concise and practical chapters explore the history of the CFA franc zone, challenges to development, geopolitical issues, the importance of flexible exchanges rates, growth trends, and the impact of the Covid crisis. Policy reform is examined to detail economic approaches that could reduce poverty and increase the quality of life within the area. This book aims to present a macroeconomic and exchange rate framework to promote development and post-Covid recovery within the CFA franc zone. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and policymakers involved in African economics, the political economy, and development economics.

Typhoid or entaric fever is very old infectious disease of oral fecal route that occurs following use of food and water contaminated by Salmonella Typhi. The level of care provided by govt hospitals and private hospitals have wide difference along with the cost of treatment so the affording people prefer private hospitals while poor non-affording patients select government facilities for their treatment. For this purpose a 3 month study was arranged and we compared 285 patients of fever, collected from public 76(26.67%) and 209(73.33%) private hospitals during 2012 by non-probability sampling .Data analysis was accomplished on SPSS version22. There were 42.80% (122) females and 57.20%) were males, 28.95%(22) of the govt. hospitals and 52.15% (109) of the private hospital patients were suffering from typhoid fever .Non-typhoid fever patients were71.05% (54) in government hospital and 47.85% (100) in private hospital ,the difference was significant p-0.0005. Conclusion:Government, Private, treatment, enteric fever

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze and compare the media images and coverage of three countries regarding their security forces. For this purpose, researchers have examined the media image of the American Army in the New York Times, the Indian Army in Indian Express, and the Pakistani Army in The Dawn. Methodology: The researchers selected news stories of three sampled newspapers; New York Times, Indian Express, and The Dawn for one year from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 purposively for the content analysis. Spearman correlations, central tendency, frames of the stories in terms of positive, negative, and neutral have been examined. The researchers have examined coverage patterns of security forces at the object, attribute, and network levels in the light of agenda-setting theory. Main Findings: There are significant differences in the image of the armed forces. Indian Express covered the Indian army positively with the special emphasis on the success of the armed in internal military operations and the glorification of the military leadership. Similarly, New York Times covered the American Army favourably with a particular focus on external military operations for peace and security purposes. Whereas, The Dawn covered Pakistan Army differently. Applications of this study: The study will be helpful and of great importance for media owners, media regulatory bodies, military establishments, foreign and international relations. The study will also be a significant contribution towards civil-military relationships in geostrategic locations of the sub-continent. Since these countries have been involved in war-on-terror in this region as far as peace and stability are concerned, the study will be a roadmap for the peacekeeping forces. Novelty/Originality of this study: Few research studies have been witnessed so far on the media image of these countries. This study is new and different in nature as the military image of three different countries in terms of civil-military relationship has been measured on their mainstream media.

Recently, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly focusing on the implementation of green innovation, mainly due to customers' increasing environmental consciousness. However, SMEs have not yet achieved any significant accomplishment. The lack of success in implementing green practices is due to various barriers. So, it is crucial to analyze and address these barriers prior to introducing green initiatives. This study prioritizes barriers and solutions to adopt green practices in the context of SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The study develops an integrated decision framework based on symmetry principles to identify main-barriers, sub-barriers, and strategies to overcome these barriers. Six main barriers, 24 sub-barriers, and 10 strategic solutions were identified through literature survey. Then, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) was employed to evaluate main-barriers and sub-barriers. Later, fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) methodology was used to rank strategies. Results of FAHP revealed that the political barrier category holds higher importance than other barriers. Results of FTOPSIS showed that the strategic solution 'developing research practices to carryout green innovation in SMEs' is more important in addressing green innovation barriers in SMEs.

The aim of this study is to provide an examination of the factors that have a bearing on KSB, based upon attitudes amongst academics in developing countries, using a particular focus upon academics within the University of Baghdad. With the research study, structural equation modelling was undertaken by using a questionnaire survey for examination of attitudes to microfoundations with regard to KSB amongst a total of 326 academics based at the University of Baghdad. With regard to KSB, it was found that three of the hypothesised factors (anticipation of extrinsic rewards, anticipation of reciprocal relationships and perception of reciprocal benefits) were significantly and positively related. No significant relationship, however, was found to exist between KSB and interpersonal interactions. Based upon the results, a refined, valid model succeeds in exhibiting good explanatory power for the prediction of the intentions for the KSB of academics. Furthermore, it was suggested by the results that academics who were less educated had a greater willingness for knowledge sharing than those who were more highly educated. Based upon the unprecedented data, the paper makes a contribution to growing KSB-theory-related research, particularly with respect to the planned model of behaviour, and puts forward empirical evidence in support of the relationship between attitude and the KSB of academics.

While the United Nations is authorized to impose final remedies in Kashmir, it has limited itself to making recommendations in the hope of achieving a just and impartial settlement acceptable to all parties to the dispute. This thesis will do an observational examination of the different proposals, utilizing this accurate and positivist assessment of the United Nations' behavior as a case study. To resolve the Kashmir situation, the Security Council must substantiate the following hypothesis: Any decision or omission took by the United Nations Security Council was motivated by a desire to maintain a negotiated stalemate between India and Pakistan, a kind of status quo, before all remaining issues, whether factual or legal, are settled by direct negotiations between the two disputing parties. The United Nations took action after concluding that it could not resolve the issues under the circumstances, partly due to the conflicting positions and aspirations of the Kashmir dispute's parties and partly due to the UN system's shortcomings. From a positivist perspective, this study will aim to include an empirical examination of the United Nations' actions in settling an international dispute. It will assist in dispelling common misconceptions regarding the United Nations' status, which I assume are the product of an excessively positive or overly pessimistic appraisal of the UN's capacity and belief of its own will to enact a specific solution situation. I will attempt to explain in the concluding chapter of this study why I believe the United Nations is vital to global security, including in its handling of the Kashmir dispute. I am well aware that scholars and leaders in India and Pakistan will almost certainly cast doubt on my primary theory. This is fair since their active involvement in the issue will easily skew their perception of the UN's role. All also threatened the UN with a rejection of "fairness and impartiality," which is unsurprising. Additionally, they ultimately rejected the most, if not all, United Nations proposals owing to their inability to fulfill their demands. The Kashmir dispute did not begin with India's "invasion" of Kashmir or its protest to the UN Security Council.

Despite widespread agreement among economists that labor-intensive manufacturing has contributed mightily to rapid development in China and other fast-growing economies, most developing countries have had little success in raising the share of manufacturing in production, employment, or exports. Tales from the Development Frontier recounts efforts to establish light manufacturing clusters in several Asian and African countries, looking in particular at China. A companion volume to Light Manufacturing in Africa-which laid out a strategy for injecting new industrial growth nodes into African economies-Tales from the Development Frontier focuses on the six main binding constraints to competitiveness that nascent light manufacturing industries must overcome in developing countries: the availability, cost, and quality of inputs; access to industrial land; access to finance; trade logistics; entrepreneurial capabilities, both technical and managerial; and worker skills.The volume systematically explores potential growth opportunities in light manufacturing in a carefully selected subset of industries: agribusiness, apparel, leather goods, wood-working, and metal products. It specifies the constraints that need to be addressed before local and international entrepreneurs can take advantage of the latent comparative advantage available to many low-income economies in the target industries. It also proposes policies to ease the constraints-policies that can open the door to rapid increases in industrial output, employment, productivity, and exports.The outcomes described in this volume include both inspiring successes and miserable failures in addressing the binding constraints in the identified sectors. These examples reveal how and why industrial development efforts in poor countries-where, by definition, underlying conditions are far from ideal-can