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This study examines the impact of governance on industrial growth. Moreover, this study also examines the impact of trade openness, exchange rate, and inflation on industrial growth in the presence of good and bad governance as well as overall governance. For this purpose, data is extracted from the World Development Indicator (WDI) and World Governance Indicator (WGI) of 47 countries of developing economies from 1984 to 2020. Examining the result Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique has been applied. The result shows that an increase in governance significantly improves industrial growth. However, trade openness has a significant relation with industrial growth in well governed countries however it deteriorates in bad governed countries. Whereas improvement in trade will deteriorate the industrial growth in the overall and as well as badly governed countries. In the bad governed countries devaluation of exchange rate significantly deteriorates industrial growth in the long run. On the other hand, Inflation significantly improves industrial growth in good as well as badly governed countries. The government needs to improve governance quality, and exchange rate while badly governed countries need to impose high import duties, produce local products to meet the country's needs and provide subsidies to exporting industries.

This research has been conducted to examine the role of SME`s to eradicate poverty in Pakistan over the period of 2001-2015. The study investigates relationship by using secondary data from World development indicator by estimating simple linear regression model. Results indicate that small medium enterprises have a negative association with poverty and significantly lower poverty rate in Pakistan. SMEs generate employment opportunities which contribute to the poverty alleviation in the economy of Pakistan. Moreover, human capital and government expenditure also significantly reduce poverty in Pakistan. As government expenditure and human capital increase, it causes to lower poverty growth rate. Similarly trade and inflation also have significant association with poverty, however, inflation and poverty have positive association while trade has the negative association with poverty growth rate in Pakistan. The value of R square (0.756) indicates that model is a good fit and F-ratio states the overall significance of the model. Therefore, results suggest that government should adopt the policies that promote SME growth rate, trade openness, human capital, GDP, government development expenditure and lower inflation rate to control poverty in Pakistan.Keywords: SMEs, Poverty reduction, inflation, trade openness, government expenditure.

AbstractThis study examines the impact of women's empowerment and tourism on poverty in the developing economies of South Asia, sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America. Current study formulates a vector autoregression (VAR) model to estimate the long‐run association between emerging determinants of poverty reduction. Our empirical findings show that tourism and women's empowerment have significant and negative long‐term associations with poverty in South Asia, Latin America and Africa. Moreover, this study found that women's empowerment is relatively more important in poverty reduction than tourism in South Asia and Africa, whereas in Latin America, tourism has a relatively greater contribution to poverty. Similarly, the results of the vector error‐correction (VECM) Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test indicated unidirectional causality between women's empowerment and poverty, tourism and poverty in South Asia. Similarly, unidirectional causality exists between women's empowerment and poverty in Latin America and Africa. Our econometric discussion helps suggest policy suggestions to overcome the challenges of poverty in developing economies.

The study aims to analyze the mediating role of environmental degradation in the association between energy consumption and poverty in South Asian countries. Data have been collected from the global economy and World Bank ranging from 1985-2018 on modeled variables energy consumption, poverty, environmental degradation, globalization, and population. This study utilized fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) methods for analyzing long-run relationships among the modeled variables. The study utilized the Sobel test and VAF to confirm the mediation. The results indicate a negative and significant impact of energy consumption on poverty. The findings revealed that environmental degradation partially mediates between energy consumption and poverty in the long run. The study recommends that the government of South Asian Countries ensure the availability of cheap and accessible energy for citizens to lower poverty and environmental degradation in South Asian countries.

The purpose of this study is twofold; one is to measure the size of the impact of technological factors on the adoption of green innovations in SMEs and second is to test the moderating role of government intervention between technological factors and adoption of green innovations. Technological factors consist of complexity, compatibility, relative advantage and tri-ability of green innovations while green innovations are new environment friendly methods of production. The self-administrative survey approach was used to collect the data through the questionnaire. The random probability sampling technique was used to collect the data from managers, senior executives, and technicians of SMEs. Multiple regression analysis was employed to measure the relationship and size of the impact of technological factors on the adoption of green technology. In addition, a hierarchical regression is used to investigate the moderating role of government intervention between technological factors and adoption of green technology. The results suggest that the complexity of technology negatively and significantly affects the adoption of green technology while relative advantages and tri-ability positively and significantly affect adoption of green technology. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicate that government intervention significantly moderates between complexity, relative advantages, tri-ability, and adoption of green technology. Considering the importance of green innovations in the reduction of global warming, policy makers can get benefit from the evidence of this study and can take necessary measures to increase the possibilities of adoption of green innovations in SMEs.

Poverty is a crucial and worldwide phenomenon. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship exists between socio-economic factors, social factors, and poverty, the relative influence of economic and social factors on poverty and to describe causality between time series in the VAR system. This study utilized the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) by using quarterly time-series data, 1994Q1 to 2018Q4, that have been collected from the world development indicators (WDI) and Economic Survey of Pakistan. The study identified education, unemployment, inflation as economic factors while zakat and rainfall as social factors that can reduce poverty. The findings of this study indicate that inflation and unemployment have a positive and significant relationship with poverty in the long run in Pakistan while education, rainfall, social welfare programs, and zakat has a negative relationship in the long run with poverty. Besides, the study also found that in the short run, there is no relationship between economic and social factors with poverty. Moreover, the study found that in the long run that the relative contribution of education and rain increases, 28% and 20%, is greater than the contribution of inflation, social welfare programs, unemployment and zakat, 3.8%, 0.5%, 2.5%, and 0.08%. Similarly, its contribution to poverty reduces up to 44% in the long run. This study helps policymakers to take important decisions about economic and social factors while designing policies to reduce poverty. The results suggest that the state bank of Pakistan should adopt a contractionary monetary policy to control inflation and policymakers can develop policies like education for all. The government should develop a business environment to create more employment opportunities.