Suchergebnisse

Le Pakistan est confronté depuis des années à une poussée de la violence islamiste. La radicalisation exacerbée par un sentiment nationaliste fort oblige à une réponse plurielle dans laquelle l'État et une partie de la société civile se sont engagés malgré de nombreux obstacles.

The past two decades in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have been times of tremendous change, with countries undergoing rapid transformation from centrally-planned to market-oriented economies. While poverty increased during the initial years of transition, primarily on account of the sharp economic contraction, the resurgence of economic growth in the region since 1998 has resulted in a rebound in household incomes and living standards. Data from the 2006 Life in Transition Survey (LiTS)-a joint initiative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank-p

Bangladesh boasts a wide array of targeted food assistance programs that strive to achieve a number of important developmental objectives. Findings from the 2000 Household Income and Expenditure Survey suggest that these programs are reasonably well-targeted towards the poor. Most of the pro-poor targeting is due to targeting the poor within communities rather than central actions to target poor areas. However, any definitive conclusions about the 'pro-poor' nature of spending on these programs are clouded by the survey findings which suggest that a large share of the total resources devoted to these programs disappear before reaching their intended beneficiaries. If these 'unaccounted-for' benefits are in fact appropriated by the non-poor, the incidence of spending on these programs would likely be pro-rich. Greater efforts to channel a higher share of resources to regions with greater need of assistance and to improve monitoring systems to reduce leakage from the system are likely to yield high dividends.

Analysis of data from various Bangladesh Household Expenditure Surveys suggests considerable progress at poverty reduction during the 1990s. About 50 percent of the country's population lived below the poverty line in 2000 compared to 59 percent in 1991–2. Poverty in rural areas continues to be higher than in urban areas, but the gap between rural and urban areas has narrowed as rural growth has been relatively more propoor. While the survey data and National Accounts show similar amounts of progress in Bangladesh over the decade as a whole, they present conflicting pictures of the pattern of growth over the decade: the National Accounts series indicate progress to have taken place at roughly equal rates over the first and second halves of the 1990s, while the HES series show most of the progress at poverty reduction to have taken place during the first half of the decade.

The report aims to provide a quick statistical update on changes in poverty and living conditions and access to services between the two periods of February and June 2000, and 2002-2003, the two data points. At the same time, the Government of Uttar Pradesh requested the Bank's support for a preparation of a joint report with a wider and deeper scope of analysis focusing on determinants and changes in living conditions of the Uttar Pradesh population and assessing performance of current policies and programs with respect to their impacts on the poor. This report highlights income and poverty trends between 1993/94 and 2002/03, education trends between 1999/2000 and 2002/03, health trends in the late 1990s-early 2000), access to amenities trends between 1999/2000 and 2002/03, and government program trends between 1999/2000 and 2002/03.