Straipsnyje analizuojamos Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos (PSO) Tarptautinės funkcionavimo klasifikacijos (TFK) biopsichosocialinės prieigos taikymo senatvės ir senų žmonių gyvenimo problemoms tirti galimybės. Glaustai pristatoma Lietuvos gyventojų senėjimo statistika ir pateikiama žmogaus gyvenimo kelio, taip pat ir senatvės etapo, periodizacija. Pabrėžiama būtinybė susitarti dėl tokios periodizacijos standartizavimo – sutarimo laikytis vienodo žmogaus gyvenimo kelio skirstymo į amžiaus tarpsnius. Pristatomas TFK ir tam tikrų jos komponentų (funkcijų, struktūrų, veiklų, dalyvumo ir aplinkybių) panaudojimas, atliekant seno žmogaus socialinius, psichologinius ar sveikatos tyrimus. Į sėkmingą ("sveiką") ar nesėkmingą senėjimą žvelgiama iš funkcionavimo rezervo, sukaupto ankstesniais amžiaus tarpsniais, pozicijų. Pateikiamas modifikuotas TFK modelis, į kurį įtrauktas funkcionavimo integralinių aspektų blokas (pvz., objektyvi ir subjektyvi gyvenimo kokybė, psichologinė gerovė). Glaustai pristatomi keli senų žmonių psichologinės gerovės tyrimai Lietuvoje. Straipsnio esminės idėjos sutampa su neseniai Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos paskelbtais senatvės, kaip socialinio reiškinio, vertinimais.
In this paper, using data obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), previously experienced unemployment links to the subjective well-being of older adults in the Baltic States are analyzed.
One of the global challenges faced by a considerable number of countries is the aging of society. Subjective well-being of older adults and its factors are becoming one of the fundamental issues of the research as older adults are becoming a bigger part of society, and it becomes critical to understand what makes their lives wholesome. According to the life course perspective, human development is a lifelong process, and various events, personal life experiences may shape people and their lives. Therefore, it can be assumed that such a significant event as previously experienced unemployment may be related to the subjective well-being at older ages. Thus, this study aims to analyze the links between previously experienced unemployment and the subjective well-being of life of older adults in the Baltic States.
Data obtained from the 7th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used for the analysis (Bergmann et al., 2019; Börsch-Supan, 2020). Two thousand eight hundred five responses of Estonians, 941 of Lithuanians, and 809 of Latvians over the age of 50 were analyzed. The subjective well-being, previously experienced unemployment, socio-demographic, personality, and health factors were analyzed.
Research results show that many factors predict the subjective well-being of older adults in the three Baltic States: sociodemographic data can explain around 11% of the variance of the subjective well-being. Income additionally explains 2%, factors related to a person's health adds 11% to the explanation, personality traits – also 11%, previously experienced unemployment – less than 1%. In the model containing all the factors, the most important predictor was personality trait neuroticism, and the model explained 35% of the variance of the subjective well-being. The subjective well-being was not linked only to gender and living with a partner. By analyzing the links between previously experienced unemployment and subjective well-being, we found that these links are relatively weak, although they remain even when controlling a range of factors of subjective well-being.
The life course perspective raised many discussions about continuity, types of threads linking different developmental stages, and ways to identify these links. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of childhood family circumstances and family repression / discrimination experiences in predicting psychological well-being in later life. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 7 data was used; 1985 respondents aged 50+ (M=66.23,SD=10.52) living in Lithuania (63.8 %– female) provided retrospective information on their early life circumstances, including home environment, relationships with family / friends, family persecution. Psychological well-being was assessed with a 12-item Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP) scale. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the inclusion of family persecution and other childhood factors increases the prognostic value of the model by 8 percent. Relationships with mother and friends, self-rated health, perceived abilities, number of books at home, and physical harm by others significantly predicted psychological well-being among older adults, even after controlling pivotal sociodemographic variables. These results suggest that creating a caring, safe, and cognitively stimulating childhood environment can promote better development in early stages and contribute to greater psychological well-being in later life. ; Žmogaus gyvenimo kelias kėlė ir toliau kelia diskusijas: ar jis tolydus, ar šuoliškas, kokios nenutrūkstamos gijos sieja skirtingus amžiaus tarpsnius, kokiais būdais tas sąsajas nustatyti. Šio tyrimo tikslas– įvertinti gyvenimo aplinkybių vaikystėje, šeimos politinių represijų ir diskriminacijos patirčių reikšmingumą prognozuojant psichologinę gerovę vyresniame amžiuje. Tyrimui panaudoti Europos sveikatos, senėjimo ir išėjimo į pensiją (SHARE) tyrimo 7-os bangos duomenys. Į tyrimą buvo įtraukti 1985 Lietuvoje gyvenantys 50 metų ir vyresni respondentai (63,8 %– moterys). Psichologinė gerovė buvo įvertinta 12-os teiginių Kontrolės, autonomijos, savirealizacijos ir malonumo (CASP) skalės versija. Remiantis retrospektyvia savistata, surinkti duomenys apie vaikystės ir paauglystės gyvenimo aplinkybes, apimantys namų aplinką ir sąlygas, santykius šeimoje ir artimoje aplinkoje, šeimos persekiojimo ir diskriminacijos patirtį. Hierarchinė regresinė analizė atskleidė, kad šeimos represijų, persekiojimo ir vaikystės gyvenimo aplinkybių veiksnių įtraukimas padidina modelio prognostinę vertę 8 %. Santykiai su motina ir draugais, savo sveikatos ir gebėjimų vertinimas, knygų skaičius namuose ir kitų asmenų fizinis smurtas reikšmingai prognozuoja psichologinę gerovę vyresniame amžiuje, net kai kontroliuojami pagrindiniai sociodemografiniai kintamieji. Šio tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad rūpestingos, saugios, stimuliuojančios ir kognityvinę raidą puoselėjančios socialinės aplinkos kūrimas vaikystėje gali prisidėti prie didesnės psichologinės gerovės net ir vyresniame amžiuje.
Many countries of the world consider the well-being of citizens to be one of their most important goals. Nowadays there is a growing concern about the well-being of older people. Considering the aging population, there is a call for social policies aimed at strengthening the well-being of older people. Therefore, recommendations were prepared for policymakers on possible ways to strengthen the well-being of the older age Lithuanian population. The recommendations are based on data from the 7thwave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). There were 2014 persons aged 50 and older interviewed in Lithuania in the 7thwave of the SHARE survey. Data on various aspects of well-being, health, work and economic situation, childhood circumstances, experiences of discrimination were analyzed. Based on different aspects of well-being it was found, that respondents can be grouped into high, low, and medium well-being clusters, moreover the analysis showed that the Lithuanian population has relatively low well-being compared to other countries. Recommendations were formulated covering possible measures for chronic diseases, co-morbid mental health disorders, work, economic situation, childhood environment, and personal life history. The recommendations are addressed to health, social and employment, education, and science policymakers. ; Daugelis pasaulio šalių vienu svarbiausių savo tikslų laiko piliečių gerovę, jos svarba įtvirtina ir Lietuvos teisės aktuose. Žmonių grupė, kurios gerovės supratimas darosi vis aktualesnis – vyresnio amžiaus žmonės. Daugeliui šalių susiduriant su populiacijos senėjimu, Lietuva išsiskiria tuo, kad čia senėjimas vyksta ypač sparčiai. Tokie visuomenės pokyčiai skatina taikyti į vyresnio amžiaus asmenų grupės gerovės stiprinimą nukreiptas socialinės politikos priemones. Dėl to buvo parengtos rekomendacijos politikos formuotojams apie tai, kaip galima palaikyti ir stiprinti vyresnio amžiaus Lietuvos gyventojų gerovę. Rekomendacijos paremtos Europos sveikatos, senėjimo ir išėjimo į pensiją (SHARE) tyrimo 7-tos bangos duomenimis. Šios bangos vykdymo metu Lietuvoje apklausta 2024 asmenų, dalyvavo atsitiktinai atrinkti 50m. ir vyresni žmonės ir jų partneriai. Buvo analizuoti duomenys apie įvairius gerovės aspektus, sveikatą, darbinę ir ekonominę situaciją, darbinę istoriją, vaikystės gyvenimo aplinkybes, persekiojimų patyrimą. Nustatyta, kad, remiantis skirtingais gerovės aspektais, tyrimo dalyvius galima sugrupuoti į aukštos, žemos ir vidutinės gerovės klasterius, taip pat rasta, kad Lietuvos gyventojai, lyginant su kitomis tyrime dalyvavusiomis šalimis, pasižymi santykinai žema gerove. Atlikus duomenų analizę, buvo suformuluotos rekomendacijos, apimančios galimas priemones lėtinių ligų, gretutinių psichikos sveikatos sutrikimų, darbo, ekonominės situacijos, vaikystės aplinkos ir asmens gyvenimo istorijos srityse. Rekomendacijos skirtos sveikatos, socialinės ir darbo bei švietimo ir mokslo politikos formuotojams.
Many countries of the world consider the well-being of citizens to be one of their most important goals. Nowadays there is a growing concern about the well-being of older people. Considering the aging population, there is a call for social policies aimed at strengthening the well-being of older people. Therefore, recommendations were prepared for policymakers on possible ways to strengthen the well-being of the older age Lithuanian population. The recommendations are based on data from the 7th wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). There were 2014 persons aged 50 and older interviewed in Lithuania in the 7th wave of the SHARE survey. Data on various aspects of well-being, health, work and economic situation, childhood circumstances, experiences of discrimination were analyzed. Based on different aspects of well-being it was found, that respondents can be grouped into high, low, and medium well-being clusters, moreover the analysis showed that the Lithuanian population has relatively low well-being compared to other countries. Recommendations were formulated covering possible measures for chronic diseases, co-morbid mental health disorders, work, economic situation, childhood environment, and personal life history. The recommendations are addressed to health, social and employment, education, and science policymakers.
Europe, notably in countries like Lithuania, is facing substantial demographic shifts due to aging, impacting various systems, including the labor market. In this context understanding retirement intentions is crucial. Quality of work is a key determinant of retirement intentions, yet other factors such as financial situation, health, or family pressures also play a role, and a comprehensive understanding of their interactions remains a research gap. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review of research on the relationship between retirement intentions and quality of work, with a specific focus on potential control factors, moderators and mediators of this relationship. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were electronically retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO databases. Studies selected were full-text, peer-reviewed articles in English from 2003 to 2023, which used quantitative methodologies and focused on the relationship between retirement intentions and quality of work for workers aged 50+. The quality of the selected publications was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies – AXIS tool. Of the initial 776 sources, after removing duplicates and irrelevant articles, 91 were fully screened, and 17 met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. This systematic literature review provided further insights into the relationship between retirement intentions and quality of work, highlighting the roles of moderators, mediators, and control factors in this relationship.
2022 m. spalio 14 d. Vilniaus universitete vyko II kasmetinė nacionalinė socialinės politikos konferencija "Gyvenimo kelias ir jo krizės: kaip (ar) veikia Lietuvos socialinė politika?"Universiteto g. 3, Vilniushttps://youtu.be/oBGfbjJijPY
