In this paper the author presents the case of the exchange marriage system to delineate a model of methodological gravitism. Such a model is not a deviation from or alteration to the existing qualitative research approaches. I have adopted culturally specific methodology to investigate spouse selection in line with the Grounded Theory Method. This approach, indeed, suggests the unification of methodological individualism, collectivism, and the social positioning of the actor to study the complex and intricately intertwined networks of relatedness.
Islamic identities in colonial India -- Modernism and its ethical commitments -- The ʻulama and the state -- Islamism and the sovereignty of God -- Religious minorities and the anxieties of an Islamic identity -- The contested terrain of sufism -- Religion, violence, and the state
Cities in crisis -- The life of a pill -- An age-old problem -- Of mice and cats -- Unaware, unable or unwilling? -- Crime and punishment -- Trust and mistrust -- The disconnected citizens -- The technological fix? -- The ivory trade
In his learned and stimulating article that helps frame the contributions to this roundtable while also outlining directions for future work in this area, Nile Green notes the striking fact that it has been nearly a hundred years since the last substantial English survey of the field was attempted. That was M. G. Zubaid Ahmad's "Contribution of India to Arabic Literature," completed as a PhD dissertation under the supervision of the noted Orientalist Sir Thomas Arnold (d. 1930) at the School of Oriental Studies (as it was then known), University of London, in 1929. It was subsequently published with a preface by another distinguished Orientalist, Sir Hamilton Gibb (d. 1971), and retains some scholarly interest to this day.1 That interest lies not only in the descriptions of the many Arabic-language works it lists—going well beyond Carl Brockelmann's classic Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur in this respect—but also, in hindsight, in the assumptions that guide Ahmad's work. Ahmad believed there was little in the Arabic literature surveyed that showed any originality, partly because there was not much remaining to be said in fields like Qur'anic exegesis, the reported teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (hadith), or law by the time Indian scholars began engaging seriously with these subjects. It was also partly to do with an intellectual decline well underway by the time relevant areas of inquiry had reached India. The intellectual landscape remained unrelieved whether one looked at religious or secular literature, or even at writings in Persian for that matter: "… in spite of the abundance of Persian literature produced in India, nothing original is found in these contributions."2
Abstract: The meaning of being against the law (wederrechtelijkheid) has shifted several times from being against the law in a formal sense (formele wederrechtelijkheid) to include being against the law in a material sense (materialele wederrechtelijkheid). From the nature of 'against the law' in the material sense (materialele wederrechtelijkheid) which functions negatively, it shifts to include the nature of 'against the law' in the material sense which functions positively and then again shifts to the nature of 'against the law' in the material sense which functions negatively. This is due to none other than the fact that judges in examining, adjudicating and deciding cases are required to explore, follow and understand the values of law and justice that live in society, in addition to the existence of the House of Representatives as a legislative power, which has the authority to make new laws and other authorities. The Constitutional Court in conducting a judicial review of the law against the 1945 Constitution Cq the Corruption Act. Key word: Against the Law, Crime, Corruption
In his review of my book Religion and Politics under the Early⊂Abbasids, Saleh Said Agha seriously misunderstands several of my arguments, then sets out to refute his versions of these arguments. The constraints of space do not permit me to take note of all his criticisms and misconstructions, though I should like to mention and clarify a few of them.
