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Introduction. General description of the study, key issues, and provisional conclusions / Laura Zanfrini -- The uncanny "religious" refugee : a post-secular perspective on ethics of hospitality / Paolo Gomarasca -- Religion in secularized and post-secularized Europe / Monica Martinelli -- Migration and religious freedom : the legislative and judicial framework at international and European level / Andrea Santini and Monica Spatti -- No size fits all : diversity, state and politics in the contemporary Middle East / Paolo Maggiolini, Andrea Plebani and Riccardo Redaelli -- Christians navigating through middle east turbulences : the case of the Copts in Egypt / Alessia Melcangi and Paolo Maggiolini -- Religious affiliations and social coexistence in the Islamic Middle East countries / Giancarlo Rovati -- Women's rights and Shari'a Law in the MENA region / Vera Lomazzi -- The "place" of religion in the Italian asylum seekers' reception system : constitutional, legislative and procedural framework / Paolo Bonetti -- On the role of religion in the decision to migrate / Laura Zanfrini -- The "space" of religion in the assessment of asylum applications / Laura Zanfrini -- On the role of religion in the process of adaptation of (forced) migrants / Laura Zanfrini and Mario Antonelli -- Religion and integration : issues from international literature / Annavittoria Sarli and Giulia Mezzetti -- Religious persecution, migrations and practices in faith-based organizations : some recommendations from a qualitative study / Lucia Boccacin and Linda Lombi -- Interreligious dialogue in the governance of migration and inter-ethnic cohabitation / Fabio Baggio -- The multi-ethnic and multi-religious transformation of the largest diocese in the world : the Church of Milan and the "Synod from the Peoples" / Laura Zanfrini and Luca Bressan -- Migrations and intergenerational religious transmission : issues from international literature / Donatella Bramanti, Stefania Meda and Giovanna Rossi -- The Copts in Italy : migration and generosity / Beatrice Nicolini -- Religious belonging and (forced) migration : a study on migrant Coptic families in Italy / Cristina Giuliani and Camillo Regalia -- Religious belonging and (forced) migration : a study on migrant Coptic minors in Italy / Giovanni Giulio Valtolina and Paola Barachetti -- The religious dimension in plural schools : institutional, relational and strategic issues / Maddalena Colombo -- Religious belonging in multicultural schools : freedom of expression and citizenship values / Rosangela Lodigiani -- Religious conflicts in multicultural schools : a generational divide between students and adults / Mariagrazia Santagati -- Religions and Laïcité in the French republican school / Alessandro Bergamaschi and Catherine Blaya -- Religious education in schools as a necessity in a secular state : the perspective in Catalonia / Núria Llevot-Calvet, Olga Bernad-Cavero and Jordi Garreta-Bochaca.

'Laura Zanfrini's persuasively-argued work provides a succinct discussion on the politics of immigration and the legacies of the guestworker model with original analysis that highlights the paradoxes of immigration governance.' --Erica Consterdine, Sussex Centre for Migration Research, University of Sussex, UK This book critically investigates the origins and consequences of the Janus-faced character of attitudes and policies towards migrants that seek to penetrate "Fortress Europe". Beginning with an examination of its founding ambitions, it locates the roots of an ingrained ambivalence in the legacies of the post-war period and the unresolved tension between the economicism of the European approach to labour migration and the philosophy of rights and solidarity embedded in the EU project. It highlights how the formalization of citizenship rights has produced both formal pathways towards inclusion for migrants and, in their selective eligibility criteria, exclusive systems of civic stratification. The author links this oscillation between positions of closure and openness to the paradoxical trade-offs in migration policies, in particular labour market integration, demonstrated through unequal labour market outcomes, lower social mobility and educational attainments. The issues faced by migrants' offspring in Europe are examined as paradigmatic of the struggle to balance competing calls for both pluralism and uniformity: to create a diverse society that can also project a homogenous collective identity. This balanced overview will provide an invaluable resource for students of migration studies, European politics, public policy, international relations and the sociology of racism

Riassunto Nell'esperienza europea, le migrazioni economiche sono state tradizionalmente regolate in base a un principio di complementarietà tra manodopera autoctona e immigrata. Funzionale ad assecondare i fabbisogni contingenti del mercato del lavoro, questo approccio ha però provocato la "naturale" concentrazione dei lavoratori stranieri nei gradini più bassi della gerarchia professionale e, nel tempo, una condizione di svantaggio strutturale per gli immigrati e i loro discendenti. Oltre che confliggere con i principi antidiscriminatori sui quali si fondano le civiltà europee, questi fenomeni rappresentano, nell'attuale scenario demografico, una posta in gioco decisiva per la competitività dell'economia e la sostenibilità del modello sociale europeo.

AbstractThis article is based on a selection of the findings and insights emerging from "DIVERSE," diversity improvement as a viable enrichment resource for society and economy, a research-project realized with the aim of contributing to "reinvent" the European migrants' integration model, in order to sustain both the positive interethnic coexistence and the long-term development of European societies. Implemented from January 2014 to June 2015 in 10 EU countries – Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden –, characterized by very different migration experiences, the project had identified three major levers to maximize migrants' potential contribution: (1) enhancing the recognition of migrants' skills, knowledge and competences (here after: SKC); (2) promoting the awareness of the advantages provided by the implementation of diversity management (here after DM) practices; (3) improving migrants' civic and voluntary involvement. After a presentation of the theoretical premises on which the project was based (Sections 1–2) and the description of the project activities (Section 3), the article will focus on both the major impacts and the critical insights emerged in relation of each lever (Section 4); finally, it will develop some policy implications in order to make these levers crucial components of a wider strategy aimed at benefiting from immigration-related "diversity," reinforcing both the economic competitiveness and the social cohesion of European society (Section 5).

In the last twenty-five years, the family entity has been imposed as a crucial actor in understanding migratory strategies and behaviors, the study of the integration into the host society, the analysis of the impact of migrations for the sending and receiving countries and, last but not least, the evaluation of migratory policies and practices. This article recalls the main theoretical prospects that put specific emphasis on family; identifies some "ideological traps" that frequently influence family immigration policies and practices; then develops some considerations about the advantages and disadvantages of family migration for both the sending and the receiving countries; finally, it devotes a specific analysis to the family reunification issue, describing how this right is ruled by the EU legislation. In the conclusion, the Author observes that, notwithstanding the fact that family constitutes a crucial actor in the process of human mobility, both the legislation and the receiving societies' expectations concerning migration continues to be founded on an individualistic conception. Among other consequences of this asymmetry, there is the fact that family reunion is not always the best solution if the well-being of all family members and the life chances of migrants' offspring are taken into account.

Persistent stereotypes and myths of ageing in societies and cultures influence the attitudes and behaviours of leaders and colleagues in social and professional contexts. The aim of this article is to analyse the leader's perception of their own ageing and of the ageing of their employees as well as the attitudes and behaviour of leaders towards individualised, age-related leadership. This research draws on Weber's social closure theory and Luhmann's inclusion/ exclusion theory to explain age discrimination as a cultural process and to understand t he i nfluence o f s tatus a nd p ower o n i nteractive l eadership behaviour towards older employees. The article presents the concept of individualised, age-related leadership and an empirical analysis of the four social dimensions associated with this concept, aiming at a better understanding of age perceptions and images of leaders, and of their leadership attitudes and behaviours towards older and ageing employees.

Il modello europeo di regolazione dei flussi migratori, tradizionalmente fondato sulla figura del lavoratore ospite, ha consentito di posporre nel tempo la questione dell'inclusione degli stranieri nel sistema dei diritti di cittadinanza, cioč a dire la questione dei "confini" del welfare. L'evoluzione del fenomeno migratorio, la sua trasformazione in una presenza stabile ed eterogenea, a maggiore ragione la com- parsa di una seconda generazione hanno costretto i paesi europei ad arricchire il paniere dei diritti offerti agli immigrati e alle loro famiglie, senza perň risolvere in modo definitivo il paradosso storico della vicenda europea: il tentativo di tenere insieme la logica economicista alla base del modello europeo di regolazione degli ingressi con quella solidaristica che afferma il primato dei diritti della persona sulla stessa prerogativa degli Stati di "scegliersi" i propri cittadini e decidere il trattamento da riservare agli stranieri. Un tentativo che, oggi come ieri, esita in soluzioni compromissorie che rivelano, a un tempo, il carattere di artefatto politico e culturale del concetto di cittadinanza nazionale e gli esiti paradossali cui puň condurre l'applicazione di una logica di condizionalitŕ nell'accesso ai diritti.