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Songs have played an important role in cultural resistance and in national liberation movements. Iraq also developed its resistance songs. Combining poetry with music, lyrics protested sanctions and occupation, violence and disintegration. Being an accessible mode to the masses through
CDs and DVDs, songs were disseminated making use of indigenous traditions to express radical positions and mobilize the audience. Folk music and classical maqam as well as religious chanting were infused with concerns of the present moment. The article explains different types of Iraqi musical
compositions and the way innovations were introduced to oppose the occupiers. Contemporary singers and composers are cited and their work is contextualized within the drama of occupation and in relation to such battles as that of Falluja.

In the few months preceding and following the occupation of Iraq, several US-funded Iraqi women's NGOs were established in Washington. Their hastily stagedbirth was deemed necessary to engage "important voices which were missing from the debate – those of Iraqi women with personal experience of Saddam Hussein's oppression."2 It was a last minute rush to provide the much-needed moral legitimacy to the immoral invasion.

Abstract

Cartographie -- L'Irak post-Saddam Hussein : un nouveau régime autoritaire? / Gilles Chenève -- Anatomie de l'imbroglio politique irakien / Karim Sader -- Un pays à la recherche de ses identités / Pierre-Jean Luizard -- La société civile ou l'introuvable « printemps irakien » / Fanny Lafourcade, Hameed Nasser -- « Les Irakiennes ont besoin de sécurité » / Anne Lohéac, Guillaume Fourmont -- Stratégies communautaires et politiques : le cas de Kirkouk / Arthur Quesnay -- Le pétrole : bénédiction ou malédiction pour les Irakiens? / Myriam Benraad -- Bagdad, menace sur le patrimoine urbain / Caecilia Pieri -- L'armée irakienne, un outil au service de la stratégie américaine / Hélène Caylus.