Suchergebnisse

This article examines the use of 'enhanced interrogation techniques' in the context of international legal obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984 (CAT) and the domestic implementation of the international prohibition of torture into United States (US) law under 18 United States Code Sections 2340-2340A. The legal basis for the interrogation programme was a series of contentious legal memoranda written by Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel lawyers.1 This article examines whether the memo drafters ought to be investigated for incurring criminal liability for the consequences of their memoranda, namely under CAT and Sections 2340-2340A and what has unfolded under President Obama's administration.

Examines ideology and policies of the pre-revolutionary (pre-1979) and Islamic Republic periods, compositions of imports and non-oil exports, and developments in the post-Khomeini era. Includes devaluation of the rial and trade liberalization.

A number of economic models have been designed to evaluate and
analyse the Islamic banking system. However, less attention has been
paid to macro model-building in an Islamic framework even though most of
the Keynesian, Classical, and Neo-classical economic systems are
compatible with the tenets of Islamic economics. In this paper an
interest-free economic system is formulated in terms of the familiar
Neo-classical macroeconomics models. Even though the rules of conduct
for Muslims in an Islamic economic system are different from those in
the non-Islamic economic systems, it is shown that the Islamic economic
system does exhibit properties that are consistent, reasonable, and
familiar. For example, under some reasonable simplifying assumptions,
the model shows that savings and investment do not necessarily have to
fall because of the institution of an Islamic economic system, as some
economists suggest. These depend on the rate of returu on mudarabah
investment, just as they depend on the rate of return on investment
(profits) in a credit-based economic system. These could be higher,
lower, or remain the same relative to their levels in a credit-based
economy under different conditions. The model also shows the impact of
fiscal and monetary policies on the rate of inflation, the rate of
return on mudarabah, and therefore on the investment demand. The model
shows that, in general, an economic system based on Islamic principles
is viable; it also provides unique solutions for income, employment, and
prices.

Indigenous Knowledge and Mental Health -- Foreword -- Endorsement -- Introduction -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Artist -- Part I: Genocide, Exile and Trauma -- Yazidi Mental Health and Collective Trauma and Terror -- Who Are the Yazidis? -- Systematic Destruction of the Yazidi Community -- Mental Health of the Yazidi Population -- Transgenerational Traumata and the Consequences for the Current Generation -- Preconditions for Mental Health Treatment -- Behavioural Case History -- Forming Relationships -- Mental Health Treatment -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- The Health and Well-Being of Indigenous Khmer Displaced and in Exile -- Setting the Stage -- Shared Life Experience of the Khmer War Cohort -- Context 1: The Village in the Lowlands -- Context 2: War Experience -- Context 3: The Refugee Camps -- Context 4: The Suburbs on the Hills -- Contexts for Indigenous Cultural and Religious Practices -- How Did They Manage? -- How Did They Answer and How to Understand Those Answers -- Shared Stories -- In Their Own Words -- Self-Reliance [dto su/prang praeng] -- Social Solidarity -- Religious Worldview: Beliefs and Practices -- Retroduction -- How Do They Guard and Maintain Their Mental Health Today? Present Contexts for Indigenous Practices in Norway -- References -- The Psychology of Mussar: Cultural Safety as a Verb -- Cultural Framework -- Rationale -- Psychology of Exile -- Aljamiado Literature in Tenth-Century Spain as Über Text? -- Mussar as Literature, Philosophy, Spiritual Movement, and Practice -- Case Study with a Mussar Application: Alpha and Omega -- Conflicted Cultural Values -- Duties of the Heart in Healing Clinical Work -- References -- Part II: The Land and Healing -- Healing Practices and Rituals of the Forest-Dwelling Rabha Community in Assam, India -- The Forest-Dwelling Rabha Community.