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Part 1: Production Process ; International audience ; The great attention toward environmental issues and especially on energy utilization, leads the European Union to implement the 2009/28/EC Directive, fixing three main goals to be achieved for 2020 by the EU member states: 20% reduction of the greenhouse gases emission, 20% increase of using renewable energy and 20% improving of energy efficiency. To achieve these objectives, new environmental and energy policies must be taken into account not only by governments but also by firms. This work focuses on the energy efficiency effects of production planning decisions in the die casting processes. We present a model based on related literature and on experimental data. The numerical model is based on the relationship between energy consumption of the machines and the production rate of the machines, with the aim to minimize the energy necessary to satisfy the demand of finished products. This model may support manager's decisions so as to minimize energy consumption and consequently environmental impact of die-casting operations.

Though cooling is an ancient concept to preserve food, only modern artificial cooling and freezing made it possible to offer high quality food worldwide and independently of the season. This makes cooling and freezing important energy end-uses in the food industry: they are responsible for about 30 % of electricity consumption. Energy efficiency could thus be of remarkable importance for companies operating in this field. Energy efficiency measures can entail, additionally to the evidentenergy savings, non-energy related benefits, e.g. enhanced competitiveness, reduced maintenance requirements or an improvedworking environment. Such factors have been identified as important for affecting the assessment of energy efficiency measures. When it comes to whole cold supply chains, behavioural and organizational aspects seem to be important for decision making about energy efficiency as well, because factors affecting decisions in individual organizations may also occur as cross-organizational issues. Existing analyses on both nonenergy benefits and behavioural aspects related to energy efficiency mainly focus on individual companies and hardly touch whole supply chains, in particular from food industry. To contribute to closing this research gap, this paper investigates both aspects more in-depth along the cold supply chain of the food sector, thereby moving from the single company perspective toa full supply chain assessment. For this purpose, 61 semi-structuredinterviews with companies active in cold supply chains were carried out across various member states of the European Union. Findings from the interviews suggest that energy efficiency is presently considered more strongly in individual companies than along entire cold supply chains. While non-energy benefits appear to be relevant for both individual companies and the cold supply chain as a whole, awareness along the chain seems to be lower in comparison. Further complexity along thecold supply chain seem added by the prevalence of various behaviouralaspects which may impede an easy implementation of energy efficiency measures.

Caseflow Management Handbook – Guide for Enhanced Court Administration in Civil Proceedings The aim of the handbook is to provide a practical facilitation guide and source of ideas for improvement, as well as provide general analysis, guidelines and advices for carrying out improvement work in courts. The handbook focuses on civil proceedings. The handbook consists of five main chapters: • Legislative measures for timeliness in civil proceedings • Judicial case management • Performance management • Use of ICT in court proceedings • EU cross-border disputes. Each main chapter is divided to several improvement areas. Each of the improvement areas contains analysis and description of the general improvement needs, challenges and opportunities, as well as practical improvement examples from different European countries. More examples of European practices can be found from the site Inventory of Caseflow Management practices. The handbook is based on literature, interviews and expert workshops. Literature reviews has been used to formulate the subjects and improvement areas and to conduct general analysis of them. The examples presented in the handbook are collected and formulated based on individual interviews (judges, clerks, court administrators and court managers) and available court improvement material. At the moment the handbook includes examples altogether from 12 different European countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Estonia, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). The role of the examples is to give a short and enliven overview of practical experiences related to the subject at hand. Examples are formulated diversely: including both broader descriptions of procedures, as well as more detailed practice explanations and individual opinions. Expert workshops have been arranged to analyze, refine and summarize the results from literature reviews and interviews. Court operation experts (both practitioners and academics) have participated to the workshops.