Suchergebnisse

The article next to the hermeneutic methodology examines the key aspects of a special model of political regime: the "ethnic democracy" of S. Smooha, which is based on the idea of the development of an ethnic nation in a state. According to this author's point of view, the main idea of this form of stability is the absolute control of the ethnic majority over the minority. It examines the reasons for the emergence of "ethnic democracy", the characteristics of its implementation in practice and the conditions of stability. When this model is implemented in practice, the State pursues the objective of central ethnic-national development in the country, as well as its isolation from other ethnic groups. Under the concept of "ethnic democracy" the ethnic minority is granted limited rights, the state constantly monitors its scope, considering the interests of the "main" nation. It is concluded that the implementation of the "ethnic democracy" model deliberately violates the right to self-identification of a part of the population (ethnic minority), therefore "ethnic democracy" is an element of state policy that addresses inequality or a desire for total assimilation.

The paper considers the problems that arose during the implementation of the multiculturalism policy in countries situated in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand with a multinational population. Multiculturalism is becoming the basis of state policy, as it integrates and adapts the minority and majority into a single community while emphasizing and preserving ethnic, linguistic, and confessional identity. The authors identify four key socio-political cases of multiculturalism: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the Scandinavian Peninsula, which reflect the modern results of the multiculturalism policy. The paper notes that the policy of multiculturalism of these countries consolidates concerning the "indigenous peoples" the official status of the ethnic minority and the language of indigenous peoples within the framework of the main state legislative acts. It is concluded that their models of multicultural development are the most appropriate for multinational Russian states. ; El artículo considera los problemas que surgieron durante la implementación de la política de multiculturalismo en países de Europa, América del Norte, Australia y Nueva Zelanda con una población multinacional. El multiculturalismo se está convirtiendo en la base de la política estatal, ya que integra y adapta a la minoría y la mayoría en una sola comunidad mientras enfatiza y preserva la identidad étnica, lingüística y confesional. Los autores identifican cuatro casos sociopolíticos clave de multiculturalismo: Canadá, Australia, Nueva Zelanda y la Península Escandinava, que reflejan los resultados modernos de la política del multiculturalismo. El documento observa que la política de multiculturalismo de estos países consolida en relación con los "pueblos indígenas" el estatus oficial de la minoría étnica y la lengua de los pueblos indígenas en el marco de los principales actos legislativos estatales. Se concluye que sus modelos de desarrollo multicultural son los más adecuados para los estados multinacionales rusos. ; O ...

Modern plural societies characterized by ethno-cultural diversity are forming demand for effective balance of inter-group relations. The institutionalization of language policy is becoming the way of inter-ethnic relations regulation. The problem of language policy implementation is the relevance in modern European federations, the boundaries of which are overlap on the boundaries of the linguistic communities' residence. In such cases the language policy of the federal center includes the impact on the federal and regional authorities' relations. Switzerland is the research interest as one of the most decentralized federations in Europe. The compact residence of four linguistic communities' impact on the institutional foundations of the federal structure. The existing interaction of models between central authorities and cantons requires consideration as a tool for normalizing and influencing relations in plural societies. In this article the authors consider the influence of federalism and federal principles on development of language policy. The article reveals the regulatory framework of Swiss federalism, its institutional foundations, which impact on regulation of the language regime, both at the federal and regional levels. Based on the statistical data, an assessment is made of the language situations in the monolingual and bilingual cantons. The authors capture the main principles of the Swiss language regime. The principles of equality of languages, free language choice for the regions and the formal consolidation of languages' territoriality as the basis for the stability of the Swiss model of federalism. It is concluded that federalism observed the harmonization of the language situation due to division of federal and regional powers.