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This paper analyses the determinants of professional artists' unemployment. A sample of 1030 Australian artists was examined to determine the relationship between the probability of unemployment and artistic profession, education, origin and other demographic covariates. Special attention is focussed on factors influencing the probability of long‐term unemployment. It is found that artists in Australia are a heterogeneous labour market group, as regards exposure to unemployment and long‐term unemployment risk. The probability of unemployment episodes varies significantly depending on the artistic occupation: community cultural development workers, actors and directors are most likely to experience unemployment, while musicians and craftspeople are the least likely. Youth, disability, living in a capital city or in Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria or New South Wales, as well as level of tertiary education, can all increase the likelihood of unemployment episodes. On the other hand, participation in formal training in the artistic profession and living in a relationship or marriage are associated with a lower probability of unemployment. Being a writer or visual artist, living in the Northern Territory, and lower levels of education can increase the probability of experiencing long‐term unemployment. Neither gender, nor origin nor age affects the risk of long‐term unemployment of Australian artists.

The prospects for successful implementation of the TLM approach in Poland depend on numerous factors, and it is important to remember that the impact of these factors will rarely be one-dimensional. TLMs would entail a series of both advantages and disadvantages for employers, employees, the self-employed, non-paid workers, the unemployed, trainees and older workers facing retirement. Moreover, the unique mix of economic, social, technological and demographic changes found in Poland will have a substantial impact on the prospects for implementing TLMs. There is no conclusive answer to the question formulated in the title. A number of arguments suggest that the reply might be positive: the prospect of social and political approval for TLMs, EU membership, the need to combat widespread unemployment and illicit employment, the rising level of education, the high rate of economic growth, and many others. There are also, however, many potential obstacles: the poor level of agreement between the social partners, the lack of funds for ALMP, inadequate links between different employment statuses on the labour market, the scale of poverty, inadequate mobility, structural reforms, poor implementation of labour law, etc. ; Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Faktoren, die die Chancen einer effizienten Implementierung des Konzepts der Übergangsarbeitsmärkte (ÜAM) in Polen beeinflussen und die sich zudem selten in nur eine Richtung auswirken. ÜAM würden eine Reihe von Vor- wie Nachteilen für Arbeitgeber, Arbeitnehmer, Selbständige, Unbezahlte, Arbeitslose, Auszubildende und ältere Beschäftigte vor dem Ruhestand mit sich bringen. Darüber hinaus werden die Perspektiven für die Realisierung von ÜAM in Polen auch stark von den Besonderheiten des ökonomischen, gesellschaftlichen, technologischen und demographischen Wandels in diesem Lande bestimmt. Die im Titel formulierte Frage lässt sich nicht endgültig bejahen oder verneinen. Etliche Argumente sprechen für eine positive Antwort: die Aussicht auf gesellschaftliche und politische Zustimmung zu ÜAM, die EUMitgliedschaft, die Notwendigkeit, die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit und die weit verbreitete Schwarzarbeit zu bekämpfen, das steigende Bildungsniveau, das hohe Wirtschaftswachstum und vieles mehr. Es existieren jedoch auch viele potentielle Hindernisse: fehlendes Einvernehmen zwischen den Sozialpartnern, mangelnde finanzielle Mittel für aktive arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahmen, keine adäquaten Brücken für Übergänge in eine andere Erwerbsform, Armut, zu geringe Mobilität, Strukturreformen, schlechte Umsetzung des Arbeitsrechts usw.

Psychological testing – including personality tests – is one of the methods used by contemporary organisations for selection of candidates. This article provides a systematic analysis of arguments concerning the validity of this selection method using the argument mapping technique. The study highlights doubts regarding the validity of assessing a candidate's potential on the basis of such tests due to the significant potential for result manipulation by the candidate. The primary conclusion drawn from this analysis is that personality tests should only be used as a complementary instrument alongside other selection techniques. Test‑based assessment methods should be used optionally, while adhering to appropriate standards for conducting such tests. The study also suggests a shift away from self‑report tests and entrusting their execution and interpretation to individuals with relevant qualifications.

Celem artykułu jest analiza zróżnicowania zatrudnienia ze względu na wybrane elementy tożsamości pierwotnej i wtórnej w organizacjach w Polsce zatrudniających od 10 do 40 pracowników. Dane o ponad 146 tys. zatrudnionych w 7,2 tys. małych zakładów pracy zostały pozyskane ze sprawozdania o strukturze wynagrodzeń według zawodów Z–12. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły wskazać, że wśród objętych badaniem pracowników małych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce występuje znaczne zróżnicowanie tożsamości, szczególnie w jej wtórnym wymiarze. Zidentyfikowano także istotną dywersyfikację tego zróżnicowania w odniesieniu do firm o różnej wielkości i działających w różnych branżach. Wykazano również, że instrumenty zarządzania różnorodnością mogą poprawić funkcjonowanie małych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.

"The prospects for successful implementation of the TLM approach in Poland depend on numerous factors, and it is important to remember that the impact of these factors will rarely be one-dimensional. TLMs would entail a series of both advantages and disadvantages for employers, employees, the self-employed, non-paid workers, the unemployed, trainees and older workers facing retirement. Moreover, the unique mix of economic, social, technological and demographic changes found in Poland will have a substantial impact on the prospects for implementing TLMs. There is no conclusive answer to the question formulated in the title. A number of arguments suggest that the reply might be positive: the prospect of social and political approval for TLMs, EU membership, the need to combat widespread unemployment and illicit employment, the rising level of education, the high rate of economic growth, and many others. There are also, however, many potential obstacles: the poor level of agreement between the social partners, the lack of funds for ALMP, inadequate links between different employment statuses on the labour market, the scale of poverty, inadequate mobility, structural reforms, poor implementation of labour law, etc." (author's abstract)