Suchergebnisse

"Elena Zdravomyslova gewinnt in ihrem Aufsatz eher eine optimistische Perspektive, indem sie zeigt, wie sich die Subjekte durch Erinnerung und Konstruktion von genealogischen Stammbäumen ihre vom Staat diktierten Biographien wieder aneignen. Diesen Prozess der Konstruktion von Biographien unter Bezug auf soziale und ethnische Gruppen, die zum Teil virtuell erzeugt werden, begreift sie als Privatisierung von Geschichte. Deren Aneignung ermöglicht den Subjekten die Erfahrung von Privatheit und hilft ihnen, sich selbst als mündige BürgerInnen zu entwerfen, die nicht mehr den hegemonialen Deutungsforderungen eines autoritären Staates unterworfen sind. Hier sieht sie die Basis zivilgesellschaftlicher Entwicklung." (Autorenreferat)

The psychological, legal, & cultural challenges faced by unemployed women in post-Soviet Russia are discussed, based on 1993/94 interview data from 64 unemployed women. During socialist rule, 90+% of women were employed, & this trend coincided with a paradoxical ideology that simultaneously emphasized gender equality in the workplace & reinforced traditional gender stereotypes. In recent years, unemployment has disproportionately affected women, & the state has promoted housewifery in an attempt to free jobs for unemployed men. This has created psychological problems for unemployed women without the jobs that once delineated prestige & status. Russian society also lacks the legal & institutional structures to support one-income, female-led households, & traditional gender stereotypes have undermined appreciation for the time & energy involved in domestic work. Gender ideology, social norms, & legal codes no longer match the situation of many Russian women. It is concluded that official gender ideology will be challenged & transformed in the near future by women seeking greater employment equality & increased appreciation for domestic work. T. Sevier

Presents a case study of the political cycle of democratic social movements during the 1985-1991 period of perestroika in the USSR that included cycles of reforms & protest, focusing on how the relation of expanding & shifting political opportunities in the protest cycle encouraged different preferences in framing & symbolism of these movements. It is shown that, in the cycle's ascending phase, reforms shaped limited opportunities for protest & the building of informal organizations. As the protest cycle accelerated & opportunities expanded, collective actions were developed & protests expanded throughout the USSR. The radical democratic organization, the Democratic Union, & the more moderate Leningrad People's Front are identified as influencing & expanding the range of political opportunities during this phase. It is suggested that the more radical agenda of the Democratic Union was inappropriate for sustained political mobilization, a task that fell to more moderate organizations such as the Leningrad People's Front. D. M. Smith

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Funktion der demokratischen und national-patriotischen Bewegungen in Rußland als Konstrukteure einer neuen politischen Symbolik und Sprache. Der politische Diskurs für eine grundlegende Wende wurde von den sozialen Bewegungen der Perestroika (1985-1991) entwickelt. Dabei kam es zu einer Amalgamierung der politischen Symbolik der drei wichtigsten Strömungen in der Reformbewegung: der demokratischen Leitsymbolik und der national-patriotischen wie orthodox-religiösen Symbolik. Der neue politische Diskurs Rußlands wird durch diese Verschmelzung mit Traditionssymbolen nicht nur anschlußfähiger, sondern auch diffuser und für Demagogien anfälliger. (ICE)

Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- General Features and Traditions of Russian Sociology -- Periods and Milestones in the History of Russian Sociology -- References -- Chapter 2 Russian Early Period of Sociology: Predecessors and First Professionals -- Abstract -- The Mid- to Late-Nineteenth-Century Development: Predecessors and First Sociologists -- Prominent Thinkers -- Debatable Issues on the Early Russian Sociology -- References -- Chapter 3 Russian Sociology in the 1920s-Mid-1950s: The Beginnings of Soviet Sociology -- Abstract -- Early Russian Sociological Heritage and Current Sociological Debates -- References -- Chapter 4 Revival, Partial Institutionalization, Stagnation and Final Recognition of Soviet Sociology -- Abstract -- Institutional Building -- International Contacts -- Pioneer Sociologists-Soviet Generation of Early 1960 -- Pioneer Soviet Sociologists as Autodidacts and Community Leaders -- Three-Level Structure of Sociological Knowledge Production -- Ideological Pressure -- Perestroika-The New Political Impetus and Final Institutionalization -- Some Unquestionable Achievements -- Resume -- References -- Chapter 5 From Soviet Sociology to Scientific Discipline -- Abstract -- The Influence of Perestroika on Post-Soviet Sociology -- Sociological Associations in Russia -- Debates on Quality of Sociology -- Debates on Public Sociology -- References -- Chapter 6 Diversification and Fragmentation of Russian Sociology -- Abstract -- Sociological Institutions and Types of Knowledge Production -- Universities -- Academic Research Institutions -- Research Agencies -- Sociological Islands -- References -- Chapter 7 Gender Studies: The Novelty at the Russian Academic Scene -- Abstract -- Gender Studies and the Conservative Turn -- References