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Il presente contributo riesamina la politica di Cesare sul confine nordorientale d'Italia: la fondazione di Pola completa la fase difensiva di quella politica e prelude alla fase offensiva, che fu poi compiuta da Ottaviano; il collegamento della nuova fondazione con Ercole si inserisce nel parallelismo tra Ercole e Cesare stesso, di cui abbiamo testimonianza soprattutto in Diodoro, ma anche in Virgilio. L'appartenenza di Pola alla Gallia Cisalpina sotto Cesare prepara l'estensione dei confini d'Italia oltre Emona sotto Augusto. ; This paper analyses Caesar's politics toward the northeastern border of Italy; the foundation of the Pola colony completes the defensive stage of his politics and paves the way to the offensive stage, which was then performed by Octavian; the link between the new foundation and Hercules is a new element of the parallelism between Hercules and Caesar, which we find above all in Diodorus, but also in Vergil. Pola's belonging to Cisalpine Gaul under Caesar is ahead of the expansion of Italy's borders beyond Emona under Augustus.

Resumen: El presente trabajo se analizará un pasaje del Praeceptum deliberativae materiae, un texto retórico escrito por Emporius en el siglo V/VI, en el cual César reclama ser un Graecae exercitationis expers; tal extraña definición tiene sus raíces en la controversia de los populares contra la helenización de la nobilitas: desde una perspectiva popularis el vir romanus real tenía que preferir las habilidades militares a las retóricas, como C. Mario había hecho, y tenía que adquirir sus habilidades retóricas en Latín, no en griego, como el Rhetorica ad Herennium exhortaba. Luego ser Graecae exercitationis expers pasó a ser una cualidad requerida para un líder de los populares, tal como César quería ser reconocido, y podemos remontar sus orígenes en la propaganda literaria del partido cesariano, sobre todo en el Bellum Iugurthinum de Salustio y en el Anticato del propio César. ; Abstract: This paper is going to analyze a passage of the Praeceptum deliberativae materiae, a rhetorical text written by Emporius in V/VI century A.D., where Caesar is claimed to be Graecae exercitationis expers; such a so strange definition has its roots in the controversy of the populares against the Hellenization of the nobilitas: from a popularis perspective the real vir Romanus had to prefer the military skill to the rhetorical one, as C.Marius had done, and had to acquire his rhetorical skill in Latin, non in Greek, as the Rhetorica ad Herennium advised. Then being Graecae exercitationis expers was a quality requested to a leader of the populares, as Caesar wanted to be recognized, and we can retrace its origin in the literary propaganda of the Caesarian party, above all in Sallust's Bellum Iugurthinum and in the Anticato of Caesar himself.