Accountability of armed opposition groups in international law
In: Cambridge studies in international and comparative law
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In: Cambridge studies in international and comparative law
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of international humanitarian legal studies, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 443-461
ISSN: 1878-1527
This Article is the transcript of the Peace Lecture held by Prof. Zegveld as part of the Peace Week 2013. It criticises the fact that Western countries do not provide data on the numbers of civilian casualties their wars cause. It remains controversial whether this is the consequence of a choice 'not to do body counts', or whether the governments does not want these figures to be revealed. In any case, the absence of this data leads to a de facto denial of the existence of these victims. This is reflected by the difficulties encountered when accountability and compensation are sought. It is argued here that there is a legal obligation to register victim casualties, as well as a necessity to do so from democratic, military and moral perspectives. For, as a component of conflict in itself, we can only truly evaluate our wars when the victim casualties are known.
In: Journal of International Criminal Justice, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 79-111
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In: Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice, S. 611-624
In: Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge: débat humanitaire, droit, politiques, action = International Review of the Red Cross, Band 85, Heft 851, S. 497-527
ISSN: 1607-5889
RésuméLe droit international humanitaire garantit la protection et l'assistance aux victimes de conflits armés, Cependant, hrsque des personnes deviennent victimes de violations du droit humanitaire, la protection conférée par cette branche du droit cesse de fait. En particulier, a priori elle offre aux victimes de violations graves peu de possibilités d'obtenir réparation, voire aucune.Le droit international humanitaire diffère nettement sur ce point des tendances en droit international en la matière. Les droits de l'homme, branche de droit analogue mais distincte, définissent clairement le droit des victimes d'obtenir réparation en cas de violation des droits fondamentaux, Depuis peu, le Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale autorise la Cour à déterminer dans sa decision l'ampleur du dommage, de la perte ou du préjudice causé aux victimes et à lew accorder une réparation. En revanche, le droit humanitaire ne garantit pas expressément le droit à un remède juridique aux victimes de violations.Cet article examine les moyens juridiques mis à la disposition des victimes de violations du droit international humanitaire par le droit interne et le droit international pour qu'elles fassent respecter lews droits fondamentaux. II étudie la question de savoir si les victimes ont droit à un remède et dans quelle mesure elles peuvent faire valoir ce droit. Une brève étude des pratiques nationale et internationale tendrait ainsi à prouver que, s'il n'y a guère de doute sur le fait que les victimes jouissent de droits au titre du droit international humanitaire, ces droits ne semblent toutefois pas justiciable et ne peuvent donc que difficilement donner lieu à un remède.
In: International Review of the Red Cross, Band 38, Heft 324, S. 505-511
ISSN: 1607-5889
On 30 October 1997, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereafter the Commission) adopted its report in the so-calledTabladacase. The case concerned an attack launched by 42 armed persons on military barracks of the national armed forces in 1989 at La Tablada, Argentina. The attack precipitated a battle lasting approximately 30 hours and resulting in the deaths of 29 of the attackers and several State agents. The surviving attackers filed a complaint with the Commission alleging violations by State agents of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereafter the American Convention) and of rules of international humanitarian law. In its report the Commission examined in detail whether it was competent to apply international humanitarian law directly. It answered this question in the affirmative.
In: Revista internacional de la Cruz Roja, Band 23, Heft 147, S. 547-554
El 30 de octubre de 1997, la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante, la Comisión) aprobó su informe del llamado casoLa Tablada. El caso se refiere a un ataque que 42 personas armadas realizaron contra un cuartel militar. Hubo un combate de aproximadamente 30 horas; resultaron muertos 29 de los atacantes y varios agentes del Estado. Los atacantes que sobrevivieron presentaron una denuncia a la Comisión, en la que alegan que los agentes del Estado violaron la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (en adelante, Convención Americana) y varias normas de derecho internacional humanitario. En su informe, la Comisión examinó detalladamente su competencia para aplicar directamente el derecho internacional humanitario y respondió afirmativamente a esta cuestión
In: Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge: débat humanitaire, droit, politiques, action = International Review of the Red Cross, Band 80, Heft 831, S. 543-550
ISSN: 1607-5889
Le 30 octobre 1997, la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme (ci-après: «la Commission») a adopté son rapport relatif à «l'affaire deTablada». Celle-ci remonte à 1989, lorsqu'un groupe armé de 42 personnes a lancé une attaque sur des casernes militaires appartenant aux forces armées nationales àLa Tablada(Argentine). Cette attaque a été à l'origine de combats qui ont duré 30 heures environ et ont entraîné la mort de 29 des attaquants et de plusieurs agents de l'État. Les attaquants survivants ont déposé une plainte auprès de la Commission, alléguant que des agents de l'État avaient violé la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l'homme (ci-après «la Convention américaine»), ainsi que des règles du droit international humanitaire.
In: Netherlands international law review: NILR ; international law - conflict of laws, Band 43, Heft 3, S. 414
ISSN: 1741-6191
In: Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, S. 369-382
In: Perspectives on political science, Band 32, Heft 4, S. 241
ISSN: 1045-7097
In: Yearbook of international humanitarian law, Band 3, S. 384-401
ISSN: 1574-096X
Currently, no judicial or quasi-judicial mechanisms exist with the explicit competence to consider complaints of individuals claiming to be victims of violations of international humanitarian law. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) cannot fulfil this role as it has neither the means, the purpose nor the mandate to make enforceable judicial determinations with regard to claims of individuals alleging to be victims of such violations. Instead, it operates mainly through confidential discussions with governments. Likewise, criminal prosecutions of individual perpetrators before national or international courts, while contributing significantly to improving the implementation of humanitarian law, cannot and should not be the only answer to violations of the law. For one thing, the future International Criminal Court (ICC) will only consider the most serious violations of humanitarian law, leaving numerous other violations uninvestigated. Moreover, criminal prosecutions are concerned with individuals rather than parties to the conflict. The acts that are labelled as international crimes, however, find their basis in the collectivity. Crimes are unlikely to be prevented nor will compliance with their prohibition be significantly improved through criminal prosecution of individuals alone. Similarly, while the ICC may, either upon request or on its own motion, afford reparations to victims of war crimes, these are reparations afforded within the individual responsibility framework of the ICC. The Court may make an order directly against a convicted person rather than against a state or entity.
This fully revised fourth edition of Constraints on the Waging of War considers the development of the principal rules of international humanitarian law from their origins to the present day. Of particular focus are the rules governing weapons and the legal instruments through which respect for the law can be enforced. Combining theory and actual practice, this book appeals to specialists as well as to students turning to the subject for the first time