Suchergebnisse

In this article, the phenomenon of linguistic glottogenesis is studied, which in G. Guillaume's psychosystematic theory is interpreted not as the oldest process of formation of a natural sound language, but as a linguistic change that took place at a short cut of the evolution "Latin – French", and in the works of his followers is considered as a "phenomenon of the development of French analyticism". The article analyzes three concepts of the word-sentence in modern linguistics (none of them coincide with the interpretation of this term in the works of G. Guillaume's followers): 1) as an undifferentiated unit, that goes back to the "diffuse syntax", which fits in with the ideas of syncretism of the "primitive" culture of A.N. Veselovsky; 2) as one-part (nominative and impersonal) sentences; 3) as situational statements that perform the function of remarks in dialogical communication. The syntactic studies of the 20 th – 21 st centuries have shown that the core of the Indo-European utterance is not the nominality defended by G. Guillaume and his followers, but verbal predicativity (argumentative-and-predicate structure). The research into the process of the Indo-European language type evolution elicits the "pre-inflectional" character of Indo-European languages at the "initial" stage of the development, contrary to Guillaume's basic position. Empirical evidence suggests that, synthetism and analyticism, not being the main characteristics in typological classification, are shown to explicate its two types – inflectional and agglutinative. In the history of Indo-European languages, in addition to the shift from synthetic constructions to analytical ones, there was often a reverse process as well.

The article studies the linguistic mechanisms that indicate the structural (syntactic) extension of the sentence in modern Spanish, which in special studies is unreasonably associated with the phenomenon of redundancy. We analyze the works of Russian and foreign hispanists, which appeared from the 70s of the 20 th c. up to the present time. Most of them, written in the context of the phenomenon of linguistic expressivity (as a spontaneous reflection of the affectivity of the speaker / writer), can be considered as separate components of the paradigm of language patterns of extension. The collected material proves that the resources of language extension, being the strategic pillars of communication, do not express (in many cases) the affectivity of the speaking / writing subject, contrary to a popular belief. A significant range of linguistic formations that explicate the phenomenon of the structural extension of the Spanish sentence consists of four types of models that have been poorly studied up to the present time and are mainly qualified as elements of the lexical or phraseological levels in the Spanish studies. These four types are the following: 1) lexical / syntagmatic units that contribute to the communicative extension of the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence; 2) сonstructions of paraphrasing the nuclear components of the sentence; 3) constructions of lexical and syntactic reduplication; 4) constructions of the syntactic emphasis.