Suchergebnisse

The development of trade fairs in the Asia-Pacific region has been highly uneven, with large differences between industries, cities and countries. Based on a knowledge perspective, this book is the first of its kind to connect economic growth with the rise and development of trade fairs. Using country-specific case studies, the contributors identify three key areas of exploration: knowledge generation and transfer processes through trade fairs, interrelationships between industrial and trade fair specializations, and linkages between economic development, industrial policy and trade fair dynamics. They demonstrate that trade fairs in the Asia-Pacific region have evolved from transaction-oriented places to knowledge-based and relational spaces. Researchers and students of economic geography, political economy and related disciplines interested in exploring the role of the developmental state in the Asia-Pacific region will find this book to be highly relevant. Policy makers and regional planners seeking to understand the role of international trade fairs will also find this to be an insightful study.

Consumer finance and its significance -- Overview of development of consumer finance in China, Japan and South Korea -- Credit card business and consumer finance of China, Japan and South Korea -- Chinese retailing development & consumer finance -- Non-bank financial institutions and consumer finance -- Development of insurance and consumer finance -- Comparison and enlightenment of consumer finance development in China, Japan and South Korea

AbstractThe location of emerging industries has been hotly debated in the field of economic geography. While the concept of Windows of Locational Opportunity proposes that new industries emerge with relative freedom in space, the literature on Regional Branching has been underlining the importance of existing knowledge base. The concept of related variety provides us with a new way to handle this ongoing debate. By dividing technological knowledge base of a region into related and unrelated knowledge bases, this study empirically examines the impact of knowledge base on technological innovation of emerging industries by utilizing patent data of China's fuel cell industry from 2000 to 2016. The empirical findings clearly confirm the stable and positive impact of related technological knowledge base on the emergence and development of emerging industries. However, the direction of the impact of unrelated technological knowledge base changes from negative to positive with the maturity of the industry. To an increasing extent, emerging industries tend to be less free in space and prefer to locate in developed regions with related and unrelated knowledge.

AbstractUniversity–industry interactions have been extensively discussed by economic geographers. However, while universities increasingly engage in local and nonlocal interactions with the industry, there is a lack of evidence concerning the consequences of universities becoming involved in these open innovation processes. Therefore, this study empirically examines the effects of local and nonlocal knowledge interactions on the innovative performance of universities by utilizing a large panel database constructed from a sample of 185 universities in China. First, we observe that both local and nonlocal interactions have an inverted U‐shaped relationship with university innovative performance. Second, local interactions combined with nonlocal interactions have a negative effect on the innovative performance of universities. Finally, we find that a balance is required between local and nonlocal interactions to enhance university performance. These results have important implications for policy design.

AbstractThe discussion on innovation networks of patents or papers has attracted many economic geographers; however, the Industrial Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance (ITISA) has been ignored, although it is also an important innovation form of firms, and the formation mechanism of alliance innovation networks is unclear. This study is based on the data of Shanghai high‐tech ITISAs between 2010 and 2015, and employs the methods of social networks and negative binomial regression to analyse the actor structure, spatial structure, and proximity mechanism of innovation networks of Shanghai high‐tech ITISAs. Results highlight the following: (a) Firms comprise the largest number of actors in alliance innovation networks, and universities, research institutions, and industry associations also play some roles. (b) The local and rooted characteristics of the innovation networks of ITISAs are obvious. The spatial distribution of innovation partners is mainly in Shanghai, and a few innovation actors are located in neighbouring cities, such as Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Ningbo in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. (c) Proximity significantly promotes the formation of innovation networks in an ITISA and contributes to the improvement of innovation ability, and organizational proximity plays a greater role than geographical proximity or cognitive proximity.

AbstractChina has taken a foreign direct investment‐based approach toward increasing its capital and knowledge base, and developing into an innovative economy. However, little quantitative evidence exists about the factors that drive innovations of foreign‐invested enterprises (FIEs) there. This paper uses survey data from high‐technology firms inShanghai to discuss factors affecting their innovativeness. It takes the concepts of absorptive capacity, export orientation, and innovation‐related cooperation as a starting point. It highlights how the interplay of strategies and resources affects innovativeness and heterogeneity ofFIEs. The most innovativeFIEs are endowed with a strong human capital base andR&Dactivities, which at the same time target export markets and whose cooperative partners involve firms other than their parent company. The results underline the necessity to differentiate between the different types ofFIEs when examining their innovativeness.

AbstractInnovation networks are the channel of firms' access to knowledge. Taking Shanghai high‐tech firms as a case study, this paper discusses the differences among biomedical, electronic information, new materials and equipment manufacturing firms from different spatial scales such as the global, local, and glocal. The spatial scale of firm innovation networks is divided into global, national, city and glocal scales The efficiency of national innovation networks is the highest, followed by glocal innovation networks, while city and global innovation network efficiency is lower. The efficiency of high‐tech firm innovation networks is affected by industrial characteristics and spatial distance. The differences in efficiency among innovation networks of Shanghai high‐tech firms are significant.

AbstractReducing carbon emissions is the only way to solve the global climate problem, which obviously requires the joint efforts of all regions. From the perspective of carbon emission reduction demand, this research obtains the data of low‐carbon patents and CO2 emissions from 2000 to 2019, and then explores the innovation effect of low‐carbon technology transfer in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). We draw the following conclusions: (1) Low‐carbon technology transfer has a positive impact on low‐carbon technology innovation. However, a large number of low‐carbon technology transfers are concentrated between developed regions in the YREB at present. (2) No matter from the perspective of total amount or efficiency, carbon emission reduction demand can play positive moderating role in the process of exerting the innovation effect of low‐carbon technology transfer, indicating that the transfer of low‐carbon technologies to regions with high demand is efficient. (3) The moderating effect of carbon emission reduction demand in different regions has regional heterogeneity. Carbon emissions per unit of GDP plays a greater role in moderating the innovation effect of low‐carbon technology transfer in the eastern region, while CO2 emissions plays a greater role in the central and western regions. Therefore, we propose to strengthen the transfer of low‐carbon technologies between developed and less‐developed regions, and adopt differentiation strategies according to the actual situation of each region. Our research has deepened the understanding of environmental economic geography on the innovation effect of low‐carbon technology transfer, and has reference significance for global low‐carbon technology cooperation.