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This article explores the domestic and international factors that influence the strength of investment protection and liberalization provisions embedded in China's bilateral investment treaties (BITs). It hypothesizes that China is more likely to sign stringent BITs following the leadership's implementation of major reform initiatives; when the partner country possesses strong democratic institutions that not only allow domestic interest groups with strong interests in legalization to press for their policy preferences, but also reduce the leaders' aversion to signing highly legalistic international agreements that bind their behavior; when divergent diplomatic interests render informal negotiations a less viable means of dispute resolution. Statistical analyses of the stringency of the key provisions included in 71 Chinese BITs signed between 1982 and 2011 lend substantial support to the above hypotheses. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

This article draws on industry-level data to analyze the political economy of the use of the antidumping statute by 10 less developed countries (LDCs) against China. Test results suggest that Chinese import competition is an important factor explaining the pattern of LDC antidumping initiation against China. Macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product growth rate also play some role in influencing the pattern of LDC antidumping determination against China. Importantly, statistical analyses did not yield any evidence suggesting that China's membership in the World Trade Organization has disciplined developing countries' use of the antidumping policy. The paper conjectures that China's Most-Favored-Nation status under the World Trade Organization, the designation of China as a nonmarket economy in antidumping investigations until 2016, and the retaliatory incentives generated by the growing deflection of Chinese exports to developing country markets may have overwhelmed the institutional effect of the trade organization in shaping the pattern of LDC antidumping decision making toward China. (International Interactions/ FUB)

In recent years, at the same time it has pursued multilateral trade negotiations via membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has embraced a regional approach to trade liberalization by negotiating a number of bilateral or regional free trade agreements (FTAs) with its trading partners. This paper examines China's increasingly active FTA diplomacy and seeks to explain China's motives for pursuing expanded FTAs. Specifically, this paper argues that while China's FTA activism reflects considerations about enhancing China's influence in the Asia-Pacific region, capturing the economic gains of FTA participation, and minimizing the trade and investment diversion resulting from the competitive dynamics of regional trade liberalization, the move toward expanded FTAs is also consistent with the desire to create alternative bargaining forums over trade issues that could help to stabilize expectations as well as the need to use FTAs to control the pace of trade liberalization so as to accommodate protectionist pressure emanating from domestic interest groups. In particular, this paper highlights the impact of domestic politics on China's FTA negotiations through a detailed discussion of how pressure from protectionist seeking interests influences the scope and depth of China's FTAs. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Trade structure, threat effectiveness, and "democratic trade peace" -- The empirical record -- American threats and U.S.-China negotiations over most-favored-nation status and market access -- U.S.-Japan trade conflicts: semiconductors and super 301 -- U.S.-China "trade peace": intellectual property rights and textiles -- Democracy and trade conflicts

China's rise as a major trading power has prompted debate about the nature of that country's involvement in the liberal international economic order. China's Foreign Trade Policy sheds light on this complex question by examining the changing domestic forces shaping China's foreign trade relations. Specifically, this book explores the evolving trade policymaking process in China by looking at: China's WTO accession negotiation China's bilateral trade disputes The development of China's antidumping regime China's emerging trade disputes in the WTO. In addition, Ka Zeng examines how lobbying patterns in China are becoming more open and pluralistic, with bureaucratic agencies, sectoral interests, regional interests, and even transnational actors increasingly able to influence the process and outcome of China's trade negotiations. Using case studies of China's trade disputes with its major trading partners, as well as China's participation in the dispute settlement process of the World Trade Organization, to present an in-depth analysis of China's trade relations, this book will appeal to students and scholars of international political economy, Chinese politics and foreign policy, and more generally Asian studies.