Suchergebnisse

Abstract
'Return in safety and dignity' is promoted as the optimum durable solution to refugee displacement. This paper explores the concepts of home and territory as dominant variables in refugee return, with their implicit suggestion of people 'belonging' to a defined territory and 'remixed' in a restoration of the status quo ante.

Abstract
This article theorizes development-led responses to large-scale, protracted refugee crises—a significant gap in our understanding given the remarkable speed with which international donors and humanitarian and development actors have engaged with this approach. The article is in two parts. The first sketches the emergence and characteristics of development-led responses to contemporary refugee crises, largely embodied in the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees and the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework. The second, and main, part theorizes the structural determinants and interests that are driving this international engagement, locating this in development theory popular in the 1970s to 1990s—the core-periphery/metropole-dependency model of economic dualism. I argue there are remarkable parallels with this model and how we might theorize the current refugee-response regime that subordinates impacted countries to economic-development and containment conditions applied by the advanced 'imperial' donor countries of the Global North. The limited capacity of the 'empire' to fight back concludes the article.

Over the last decade, in response to the changing dynamics and increasing complexity and unpredictability of forced and irregular migration, there has been a significant remaking of the concept of protection, a diversification of the practice of protection and an expansion in the range of humanitarian and other actors doing protection work. In principle, at least, these developments have the potential to reduce the risks to which forced migrants are exposed and their vulnerability to those risks, and to allow people to flee conflict, violence and human rights abuses in security. However, this has led to a fragmented landscape of protection which is conceptually problematic, and which has divergent standards, procedures and governance. The result has been increasing vulnerability of forced migrants and a protection regime that lacks coherence and fairness. How to develop and adapt protection norms and practices that respond to profoundly different patterns and dynamics of population displacement in the contemporary world is the challenge that remains. Adapted from the source document.

Warum gibt es diese Krise? Was ist ihre Dimension, was ihre Dynamik? Warum hat sich die Krise trotz allerlei politischer Intervention bislang nicht lösen lassen? Roger Zetter beleuchtet den Hintergrund der europäischen Einwanderungspolitik und liefert aktuelle Zahlen zur Einwanderung. Seine These: `Den Kern der Einwanderungskrise bildet die Politik der `Festung Europa´. Wir haben es also nicht mit einer Einwanderungskrise zu tun, sondern mit einer Krise der Politik.´ Roger Zetter ist emeritierter Professor für Refugee-Studies an der University of Oxford. Zuletzt erschien `Protection in Crisis. Forced Migration and Protection in a Global Era´.

Anche se il numero di rifugiati e richiedenti asilo che fanno ingresso in Europa č diminuito rispetto al picco raggiunto all'inizio di questo decennio, il volume delle domande č ancora significativo e la questione č ancora di alta rilevanza sia a livello dei singoli Stati membri che della Commissione e dell'Unione Europea. Il processo di armonizzazione delle politiche di asilo e immigrazione e lo sviluppo della Diret-tiva sulle Qualifiche riflette il continuo impegno a "gestire" le migrazioni o almeno questo settore dell'immigrazione verso l'Europa. Questo articolo esplora i modi contraddittori attraverso cui la sicurezza umana dei rifugiati e dei richiedenti asilo in Europa si č intrecciata con politiche di piů ampio respiro in competizione tra loro. Si sostiene che i bisogni di sicurezza di questa particolare categoria di persone sono stati inseriti nella piů ampia cornice della gestione interna ed esterna delle migrazioni per salvaguardare il primato del mercato unico europeo. Allo stesso modo, le minacce esterne alla sicurezza europea poste da migranti e rifugiati/richiedenti asilo in particolare - una minaccia che risulta essere soprattutto percepita e simbolica, piuttosto che reale - sono state snaturate per sostenere una retorica politica e un'agenda nazionale e sovranazionale che subordina i bisogni di sicurezza dei rifugiati in nome del piů alto imperativo della "securitizzazione". Fondate sulla paura crescente nei confronti dell' "altro", entrambe queste traiettorie - sicurezza umana e securitizzazione - sono andate a detrimento delle persone che hanno piů bisogno di protezione. L'articolo analizza queste tendenze, le dinamiche contraddittorie tra interessi nazionali e sovranazionali, e le conseguenze per le per-sone messe a rischio a causa di queste politiche e di questi processi.

Argues for the creation of legal instruments/norms to protect the rights of people vulnerable to displacement generated by climate change. Consideration is given to how these legal & normative frameworks could support the ability of governmental & civil society structures to implement adaptation strategies designed to avoid population displacement. The goal is to develop a bottom-up process to support the rights of persons forcibly displaced by environmental change as well as those who remain behind but are at risk of displacement. Adapted from the source document.