Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the review of ethnographic expeditions of the Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi State Historical Museum (since 1969 – Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi State Historical and Cultural Reserve) to Poltava region in the 1960s–80s. Attention is paid to the prehistory of these expeditions. The topics, composition of participants and results of expeditions are analyzed. It is noted that the main task of these expeditions was to identify monuments of folk architecture for the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of the Middle Dnieper, as well as to collect items of museum importance for the acquisition of ethnographic collections. The result was the museification of six monuments: a house from the village Kuntseve, Novosanzharsky district, a windmill from the village of Popivka,Khorol district, a shed from the village of Novi Petrivtsi, Myrhorod district, barns from the village of Myrhorod district, barns from the villages of Yakhnyky and Vyshneve of Lokhvytsia district. The conclusion about high efficiency of expeditionary activity of a museum in Poltava region is made. This region has become a priority of the museum's research activities. According to the scale of collection work in Poltava region, the expeditionary activity of museum workers was second only to the survey of rural settlements of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi district of Kyiv region.

The article covers the expeditionary activities of employees of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky State Historical Museum in Cherkasy region in the 1960s–80s. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of comprehensive scholarly research, which would enable a full-scale historical analysis of the problem.Historical studies of separate regions are a promising area of modern historical science. The attention of regional scholars (historians, ethnologists, sociologists, art critics) is drawn to the processes of regional development in natural-geographic, historical, ethnocultural, political, sociocultural, and other contexts. Understanding the regional specifics of individual territories of the Middle Dnieper Ukraine became an important task of systematic ethnographic field research conducted by Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky State Historical Museum in the 1960s–70s. This was due to the need to complete the exposition of the newly created Museum of Folk Architecture and Everyday Life of the Middle Dnieper Ukraine with the monuments of folk architecture and ethnographic materials. The first of them, given the territorial proximity, were the studied settlements of Kyiv region. The experience gained encouraged the museum staff to expand the scope of systematic field research. Among the various districts of the Middle Dnieper Ukraine, Cherkasy region was of a local attraction.The article also considers books of orders and periodicals. Attention is paid to periodization, topics, composition of the participants, and results of the expeditions. It is noted that the main task of these expeditions was to collect items of museum value to complete ethnographic collections. The conclusion about the high efficacy of the relevant expeditionary activity of the museum is made.

Monumental and museum work in Ukraine in 1960-1970's of XX century. characterized by a wave of mass interest in Ukrainian culture and the spread of the progressive idea of creating ethnographic museums of a new type – open-air museums, commonly called scans. The first such museum in Ukraine was the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life in the Middle Dnieper region in Pereyasla, Kyiv region, which is one of the richest treasures of original folk architecture and life of the inhabitants of the Dnieper villages of the 19 th – beginning оf the 20 th. The museum is a part of National historical and ethnographic reserve «Pereyaslav».
This project had no precedents in Ukraine, so the path to the realization of this idea was difficult and long. Foreign experience in creating open-air ethnographic exhibitions was especially useful, as the museum practice of Ukraine still lacked theoretical knowledge, polished methodology, clear principles of museum studies, international standards, and good work experience. The approaches of Pereyaslav museums to this new, methodically and practically not developed business, were creative and original. The experience of its founders was useful for creating other museums of folk architecture and life in Ukraine.
The article examines the history of the Pereyaslav scansen. Different conceptual approaches of its founders are analyzed. The proposed article deals, first of all, with the scientific controversy between the director of the Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky State Historical Museum M.I. Sikorsky and public figure E.F. Ishchenko regarding the definition of the type of museum, its name, thematic structure, exposition content, landscaping and other issues. Scientific discourse also had its positive sides. The controversy that arose between the founders allowed both sides to consider true, logical ideas in the theory of each of them. Scientific discourse also had its positive sides. The controversy that arose between the founders allowed both sides to consider true, logical ideas in the theory of each of them.

The article covers the history of creation and operation of Rudyakiv mobile training basketry workshop (specialized in making baskets and other household products from wicker) in 1905–1913. Data on the technical and technological process of production are given. The relevance of the study was determined by the lack of comprehensive research on this issue. The scientific novelty of the study is that this topic was the first object of independent study. The information introduced into scientific circulation organically complements the problem of formation of domestic vocational education, deepens knowledge of the history of Pereiaslav region. In the process of researching the activities of the workshop, the authors came to the conclusion that the operation of the studied educational and production institution helped to improve the skills of local craftsmen, their production activities, positively affected the rural economy, expanded opportunities for local people to receive vocational education, widened the network of professional institutions for the training of qualified professional and technical workers of Pereiaslav district, demonstrated the progressive role of the zemstvo in the development of local crafts and handicrafts. It was found that the development of wickerwork in the studied region was facilitated by a number of factors: the presence of a significant amount of cheap raw materials, relatively simple production technology, and thus its availability for all categories of the peasant population, the ability to engage in production in the free from agricultural work time, broad sales market, minimal expenses on the organization of production. The study of the zemstvo experience in the introduction of training and production workshops, their positive and negative sides, is essential for reforming and developing the system of modern education. In the future, the subject of research attention may be other institutions of vocational education in Pereiaslav district, including basket training workshops in Husyntsi, Salkov.

The article is devoted to the study of field ethnographic expeditions, carried out by scientists of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitskyi state historical museum in the 1960s-80s on the territory of the Ukrainian Right-Bank Polissia. It outlines the reasons for conducting these ethnographic studies – the search for architectural monuments and ethnographic objects for the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of the Middle Dnieper Region – the first skansen in Ukraine. The topicality of the study was determined by the lack of comprehensive scientific research devoted to this problem. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this topic became the object of independent study for the first time.The main part describes in chronological order the museum's expeditions to the region under study. To develop the theme, the books of orders of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitskyi state historical museum were used. The topics, periodization, composition of participants, and the results of expeditions are analyzed. It has been found that the expeditions were carried out sporadically, unevenly during different periods of time and in relation to different territories. Especially successful were expeditions to Kyiv Polissia – Borodianka, Ivankiv, Polissia districts of Kyiv region.An assessment of the expeditionary activities of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitskyi state historical museum in the studied direction is given. Conclusions are made about the significant success of the expeditions, in particular, regarding the museumification of seven authentic architectural monuments. The results obtained can be used to prepare generalizing and special studies devoted to one of the most archaic cultural regions of Ukraine – Polissia.

The purpose of the publication is to highlight the process of performing religious rites in the Pereyaslav Zemstvo Hospital, the Pereyaslav County Almshouse, and the Pereyaslav Prison Castle in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the context of the development of the Zemstvo self-government in Ukraine and the consequences of the social and economic reforms of the imperial era. The relevance of the research was determined by the lack of complex scientific works devoted to this problem. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time this topic has become the object of an independent, comprehensive study. Interest in the performance of religious rites in the Zemstvo institutions of the city of Pereyaslava is caused by their role in the legislative and religious spheres. The importance of the problem and its poor study determine the relevance of the research. The main source for him were the materials of the resolutions and reports of the Pereyaslav district zemstvo assemblies for the period of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The methodological basis of the work is the combined application of general scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematicity. The information introduced into scientific circulation is important for deepening further research into the history of everyday life of the population of Pereyaslav and Pereyaslav District. It was revealed that on the basis of the provisions of the Zemstvo reforms of the 60s of the 18th century and according to the church charter, clergymen of the parishes of the city of Pereyaslav and the county were obliged to perform a wide variety of religious rites for the faithful, including the performance of religious rites (confession, communion, repentance, anointing, synod, etc.) at Pereyaslav Zemstvo Hospital, Pereyaslav County Almshouse, Pereyaslav Prison Castle. It was established that for the sick and dying, this procedure ("sacrament of healing the soul and body") had great moral power, as it gave spiritual healing, even if physical recovery did not accompany it. It is shown that for single and poor patients of the Pereyaslav Zemstvo Hospital, the performance of the Holy Sacraments was free of charge.

The article analyzes the participation of the subjects of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the milling industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was revealed that during the researched period, citizens of the Habsburg monarchy played a prominent role in the flour industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine. It was found that they gave a powerful impetus to the development of the flour industry and the formation of the qualified workforce of mill workers, which in turn became an important factor in accelerating the economic development of the region. It is noted that this was facilitated by the close economic, social and political ties between the two empires and the relevant legislation in the field of trade and industrial entrepreneurship. It is shown that the active participation of Austrians, Hungarians, Czechs and other representatives of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the flour milling industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine ensured their positive influence on the development of milling. It was revealed that the Austrian immigrants expanded advanced technologies, European entrepreneurial and management culture, invested capital in the flour industry. It was found that high professionalism and good reputation of the citizens of Austria-Hungary contributed to their recruitment to the positions of employees, mill workers, therefore, on the Right-Bank of Ukraine specialists from European countries were highly valued and recruited to the most important positions: managing directors, assistant managers, machinists, mechanics. It is shown that many Austro-Hungarian industrial and trading companies had their representative offices on the Right-Bank of Ukraine, through which they sold goods of Austrian and Hungarian production. Steam engines and mill mechanisms manufactured by the Royal Hungarian Engineering Works in Budapest proved very popular in the region's steam mills. It is proven that with the beginning of the First World War, the entrepreneurship of Austrian subjects began to curtail as a result of a series of laws, according to which German and Austro-Hungarian subjects were obliged to forcibly sell real estate (land, enterprises, firms) that they owned.