Suchergebnisse

Villages besieged by urban sprawl have been isolated and forgotten, broken from urban texture and social relationships. However, this kind of encirclement has no clear boundary and is entirely permeable. Infiltration and overflowing occur on various scales. On the urban scale, the old villages gradually abandoned the agricultural lifestyle and connected with the new industrial city. On the architectural scale, urban villages attempt to integrate with cities by imitating the urban façade wherever they come into contact along the fluid boundary. Some warehouses, small plants, and small workshops have appeared in urban villages. On the human scale, people's lives overflow from indoors to outdoors, into public space. The village in the city and the amorphous culture it supports are negative in the eyes of the government, standing in the way of urban construction. It is the goal of local authorities to purge these communities in order to achieve unified management in urban governance. However, the bottom-up structures and installations overflowing in the public realm within the urban villages are a manifestation of pragmatism-oriented anarchy. In this 被遗忘的城市飞地 "forgotten urban enclave," it is precise because of this "forgetting" that a community ecology full of life wisdom and vitality has been born: this is what a standardized city lacks. Is the current model of erasing the urban village and replacing it with a standardized urban fabric the optimal solution? Can a new urban model be proposed in a ruralized way based on retaining the original village texture and memory through adaptive reuse? This thesis uses an ordinary urban village, Hongxin Village in Ningbo, an ordinary city in southeastern China, as a research sample and explores this question. In this typical urban village, the buildings, materials, and furniture in the space show the spontaneous appropriation, tampering, and renewal of the area since the city subsumed the village's original mode of being. New spatial intervention methods respect the mutual ownership principles of the village and create a framework for the growth of neighborhood life; the framework will continue to use appropriation, tampering, and renewal of working methods to improve local life while preserving traditions of the village and creating more collective memories.

Built-up areas are one of the most intuitive and important indicators used to assess urbanization, the spatial expansion of which is of great significance in depicting the evolution of urban spatial structures. Based on the harmonized Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) nighttime light dataset, this paper extracts the spatial distribution of built-up areas and explores the spatial expansion patterns and spatiotemporal evolution regularity of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration from 1992 to 2020. The results show that the spatial comparison method, comparing the extracted area with the government's statistical area, can accurately determine the optimal threshold of nighttime light and extract urban built-up areas. According to the spatial comparison method, the built-up areas of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration are expanding rapidly from 1992 to 2020, and both expansion speed and expansion intensity have experienced an inverted "U-shaped" growth process. As the core cities of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration, Beijing and Tianjin have been in the later stage of spatial expansion with slower expansion speed but better quality. In contrast, prefecture-level cities and other node cities have rapid expansion speed. The urban space structure of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration has changed from a "monocentric model" to a "polycentric model" to a "metropolitan model". High-tech industry parks around node cities have become important strongholds of urban space development, leading cities to evolve from monocentric structures to polycentric structures of downtown and industrial parks. The radiation range of core cities expands and spreads to surrounding districts and counties, which inevitably lead to the formation of metropolitan areas.

This paper examines the causal relationship between infrastructure spending and regional financial development in Eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda, for 2007–2017 within a trivariate vector autoregressive framework. We use the Global Financial Development Database from the World Bank. We extend the conventionally accepted ratio of financial development by including the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) spending as an additional variable. The empirical strategy involves applying the Granger causality tests using the cointegration and vector error correction methodology. We find evidence of a two-way Granger causality: (1) between the BRI spending and regional financial development and (2) between the BRI spending and regional growth. These findings suggest that an increase in infrastructure spending, particularly in transport, telecommunications and energy, positively affects regional financial development in Eastern Africa and increases the unbanked population's inclusion in the region.

As President of PRC Xi Jinping mentioned, "if the grassroots is strong, the country is strong, and if the grassroots is safe, the world is safe." Social credit system is an important part of socialist market economy system and social governance system, and it is also a basic project for modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. Both conceptually and institutionally, the social credit system is closely related to social governance. Digitalization has reshaped the development trend of economy and society, and also profoundly influenced the operation basis of social credit system. Promoting the transformation of social credit system in the context of digitalization will promote the integration and development of digital economy and social credit system construction, thus making social governance highlight higher value. Based on the systemic and dynamic characteristics of credit system construction for grassroots governance in the digital context, this paper focuses on the changes in the governance mechanism through which the credit system contributes to the modernization of grassroots governance under the digital transformation. Drawing on existing studies, we construct a whole process analysis framework of "structure-process-function" to explore the internal logic of Yuyao Moral Bank's digital credit system construction and grassroots governance through three dimensions: structural reorganization from loose and fragile to stable as a whole, process innovation from fragmentation to synergy, and functional improvement from rough imbalance to fine co-governance. Through the case analysis of Yuyao "moral bank", we have come up with three thoughts on the need to build the incentive mechanism of grassroots governance system, promote multi-dimensional cooperation and build the linkage mechanism between credit system and grassroots governance in the context of digitalization in the construction of digital credit system to empower grassroots governance.

PurposeSome economic theories have influenced the reform of the socialist open economy with Chinese characteristics. As a new practice of socialism, an open economy is not only driven by China's productivity level and people's living standards but also regulated by the law of commodity production and value.Design/methodology/approachIt was popular to participate in economic globalization for most countries in the second half of the 20th century, but not all of them could benefit from it.FindingsThe key to the success of the open-economy reform with Chinese characteristics lies in learning from and innovating the comparative advantage theory, thus forming an organic whole of the open economy, including the core of correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, the method of gradual reform, the breakthrough point of transforming the mode of economic development, and serving people all the time.Originality/valueAchieving internal and external coordination through the combination of opening-up and independence is a critical principle of China's economic opening-up, which not only effectively safeguards national interests but also actively promotes the construction of a new global order.

This study investigated the spatial distribution of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) in roadside topsoil in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and evaluated the potential environmental risks of these roadside heavy metals due to traffic emissions. A total of 120 topsoil samples were collected along five road segments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The nonlinear regression method was used to formulize the relationship between the metal concentrations in roadside soils and roadside distance. The Hakanson potential ecological risk index method was applied to assess the degrees of heavy metal contaminations. The regression results showed that both of the heavy metals' concentrations and their ecological risk indices decreased exponentially with the increase of roadside distance. The large R square values of the regression models indicate that the exponential regression method can suitably describe the relationship between heavy metal accumulation and roadside distance. For the entire study region, there was a moderate level of potential ecological risk within a 10 m roadside distance. However, Cd was the only prominent heavy metal which posed potential hazard to the local soil ecosystem. Overall, the rank of risk contribution to the local environments among the eight heavy metals was Cd > As > Ni > Pb > Cu > Co > Zn > Cr. Considering that Cd is a more hazardous heavy metal than other elements for public health, the local government should pay special attention to this traffic-related environmental issue.

AbstractFailures to obtain rewards influence what people choose to do next and how quickly they execute a chosen action, which are two components of motivated behavior. For instance, in risky decisions, losses can induce faster responses and sometimes increase risk‐taking, which may lead to detrimental consequences in some situations (such as gambling). Pauses might reduce these motivational influences of prior outcomes. To examine this question, participants alternated between a guess game, in which they won or lost money, and a choice game, in which they chose between a high probability of winning a small amount of money and a low probability of winning a large amount of money. The pause between a guess and a choice game was made either short (0 or 300 ms) or long (3000 ms). In four experiments, prior outcomes consistently influenced decision speed, such that people chose faster after a loss than after a win. However, prior outcomes did not consistently influence people's choices. In contrast, pauses increased decision quality, such that participants chose the option with a higher expected value more often, without substantially reducing decision speed. Pauses may improve decision quality by influencing predecisional attention allocation to relevant information, as its effect was absent when the overall task attention was high (Experiment 3). These findings have implications for both safer gambling and risky decision research. Future work can examine the underlying computational and cognitive processes and the generalizability of these findings to other contexts and populations.