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AbstractDoes foreign aid change local attitudes toward gender equality? Drawing on a theory of norm diffusion through intervention, we contend that when donors integrate norms into aid projects, such norms can be diffused to individuals in recipient countries. The World Bank and China are two comparable donors to examine this relationship. We matched the geocoded aid projects of the two donors from AidData and Afrobarometer surveys in Africa to test our hypotheses. Our strategy is to compare respondents' attitudes toward gender equality who were near a site where the project had been implemented at the time of the interview to those who were close to a site where the project would be started after the interview. We find that the World Bank aid increases local support for gender equality and the results differ across sectors and gender. Aid going to gender-sensitive sectors has the most significant impact on women's attitudes toward gender equality. In contrast, Chinese aid shows no similar effects. This study sheds light on the linkage between aid and social norm change and is expected to exert implications for policymakers and development practitioners adventuring in the land of aid.

This article aims to investigate the recent evolution of China's development policy and practice. More precisely, how do China's policymakers and practitioners understand and debate China's role in international development, specifically in the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic? China's growing development activities overseas, particularly in the African continent, have spurred intense debate over its role as a rising power in international development. China is viewed in the West both as a threat and as a valuable potential partner in development cooperation. However, differences between Western and Chinese conceptions of development have complicated cooperation and understanding of China's development policy. Further understanding of these differences is needed, in order to evaluate their implications for low-income countries, and for potential trilateral cooperation.

The growing involvement of the Chinese state and business in Africa has generated significant debate about China's Africa strategy and the benefits for Africa's development. What is the nature of Chinese state capitalism in Africa? This study examines Chinese state–business relations and argues that China's involvement in Africa is more complex than often portrayed. It aims to build a closer understanding of the diverse factors that influence the Chinese state–business relations as it is implemented in Africa. This paper focuses on how state–business interactions influence agricultural development outcomes, using six case-studies from Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It explores the question of how far the state can control business and direct development by identifying the key relationships that influence the decision-making processes of state and business actors within China and its African engagement. The paper challenges the conventional wisdom of homogenized, unitary relations. It argues that these relations are, in practice, heterogeneous, as a result of the state being disaggregated into a multiplicity of provincial relations and central state agencies, and tensions arising between commercial market and political interests. The active role of African governments in agricultural schemes is also affecting outcomes. China's engagement is multivariate, involving a multiplicity of agencies, operating at different levels, structures, and processes with sometimes contrary interests and goals. The findings of an analysis of six state–business projects in the agricultural sectors of Zimbabwe and Mozambique suggest that where agriculture is concerned, a wide range of Chinese agencies are involved, with businesses being driven by either market forces or national state interests, which together make outcomes less open to generalization. ; UK Economic and Social Research Council

AbstractRole theory was applied to analysis of the interaction process of various actors engaged in a Chinese aid project in Africa to explore who drove the implementation process and to reveal the hidden logic of China's foreign aid. The result revealed that the framework imposed by the State created space for actors from China and from Africa to exert agency to achieve common goals. The interaction process was constructed through role consolidation and concessions of different actors, which indicates that the project implementation was not driven by one side but rather by the mutual adaptation of the various actors involved. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

1. History of China's Agricultural Aid to Africa: Why and How -- 2. Agricultural Development through Science and Technology: The Extraterritorial Travel of Agricultural Technocratic Rationality -- 3. Closing-Gap Experience Sharing in Foreign Aid: A Learning Process Based on Construction and Embedding -- 4. Writing Prescriptions while Selling Medicine: Development of a Mechanism with Blurred Boundaries -- 5. Institutional Learning: Innovation in Mutual Adaptation -- 6. Inspiration and Aspiration: National Interest and Profit Motive -- 7. Representing the Country: Assistance Provider and Boundary Construction