Suchergebnisse

In all agencies, lay beliefs of a person are closely related to frequency, tendency and quality of prosocial behaviors. Potential helpers who hold an incremental theory of personality (belief that a person's attributes are malleable), will be more willing to help socially stigmatized
groups than those who hold an entity theory of personality (belief that a person's attributes are fixed (Karafantis & Levy, 2004; West, 2003). Based on this recent evidence, we examined the relationship between lay theories of personality and helping in a Chinese population.

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Connor and Davidson's Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; 2003), an American instrument originating from a posttraumatic stress disorder research program. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Chinese data failed to
verify the original 5-factor structure of CD-RISC obtained in the USA, while exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 3-factor structure of resilience (labeled respectively as Tenacity, Strength, and Optimism). The reliability coefficient of the Chinese version of CD-RISC was 0.91. The validity
of CD-RISC was also satisfying in terms of the actual data matching the expected correlation between resilience measure and the variables of selfesteem, life satisfaction, and personality trait factors of NEO-FFI. It is concluded that the construct of resilience and its measurement from the
West can be helpful and applicable in understanding Chinese adaptive behaviors, however, the understanding of the construct may also need some modification according to Chinese culture.

Knowledge sharing is an important organizational resource and should be encouraged in the field of teaching. We used a cross-sectional design, and 796 teachers in primary or secondary schools completed measures of the Big Five personality traits, burnout, and knowledge sharing. The
results showed that (a) in the regression model, the traits of extraversion and agreeableness were positively associated with knowledge sharing, but conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism were not significant in predicting knowledge sharing; (b) burnout was negatively associated with
knowledge sharing after controlling for personality; and (c) burnout moderated the relationship between personality and knowledge sharing; that is, compared with those with a high score for burnout symptoms, the relationship between personality and knowledge sharing was stronger for those
with a low score for burnout symptoms. The results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing teachers' burnout might be helpful for improving their knowledge sharing.

A social phenomenon of great interest in China is that of young people who have rich parents, commonly referred to as "rich kids." These rich kids are both liked and disliked by other young people, leading to contradictions in the behavior of their peers toward the rich
kids. We conducted 2 studies to examine the attitude that young people hold toward rich kids from an ambivalent theory perspective. In Study 1, we used a free-thinking task and found that participants were ambivalent, associating both good and bad things with the target phrase "rich
kids." In Study 2, we presented participants with a scenario. Participants showed a more negative evaluation of, and more ambivalent emotions toward, the target they were supposed to meet when they were told that the target was a rich kid. These results showed that the participants'
attitudinal ambivalence manifested in their emotion but not in their cognitive evaluation.

We explored individuals' behavior in relation to level of trust when they encounter attractive or unattractive faces. Individuals' implicit responses were examined in Experiment 1 and their explicit responses in Experiment 2. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the latency of the
unattractive faces with words indicating trust or attractive faces with words indicating distrust (incompatible group) was twice as long as that of the attractive faces with trust words or unattractive faces with distrust words (compatible group). In Experiment 2, we used an investment game
to measure individuals' explicit trusting behavior and found that participants gave significantly more money to attractive partners than they did to unattractive partners. These findings extend understanding of the relationship between perceptions of attractiveness and trust building.

We replicated and confirmed the results of the deception beliefs research conducted by The Global Deception Research Team (GDRT; 2006). We compared the deception stereotype and the perceiver cues of deception detection of people in the Chinese and Japanese cultures. Our results show
that stereotypes of deceptive behaviors exist in both cultures with cross-cultural consistency. However, we also found that the deception stereotype was significantly different in these two cultures and was also different according to gender. Our findings support and validate the GDRT's findings
with a deeper and more detailed analysis.

We investigated the relationship between social axioms and implicit attitudes toward people with disabilities. Participants were 101 undergraduate students (male = 30, female = 71) from a university in Beijing. Social axioms were assessed using the Social Axioms Survey (Leung et al.,
2002) and implicit attitudes were measured using the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Data analysis showed that the social axiom dimension of fate control was negatively related to implicit attitudes toward people with disabilities. None of the other 4 social
axiom dimensions was found to be correlated with implicit attitudes.

The validity of a multirater assessment of family functioning in 1-child Chinese families was examined using the Relationship-Specific Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (RS-CFAI), developed based on the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (Shek, 2001, 2002). Data were collected
from 506 families in Beijing consisting of 2 parents and 1 child. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) models and the dyadic-level CFA models were tested in the framework of the multitrait multirater strategy to demonstrate the validity of the RS-CFAI. The results indicated that there are
3 factors (activity, affect, and control) in the RS-CFAI within different family subsystems. The social relations model (SRM) was also used to explain the characteristics of the 1-child family, providing evidence of the convergent and discriminative validity of the RS-CFAI. The goodness-of-fit
of the SRM and CFA models indicates that the RS-CFAI is a valid tool for assessing family functioning among 1-child families in China.

AbstractThe Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt), which was established in 2006, is an ongoing study aiming to investigate the genetic and environmental etiology of adolescent psychopathology. Resting-state brain imaging datasets have been examined for same-sex twins, and other psychological traits and emotional and behavioral variables have been examined for all twins. Based on the registry, the main findings regarding the etiological mechanism underlying adolescent development, magnetic resonance imaging results, and genetic and environmental influences on other psychological traits have been published. This article summarizes the key findings in these three areas and discusses future plans for the BeTwiSt.