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China's Railway Transportation Safety Regulation System Based on Evolutionary Game Theory and System Dynamics
In: Risk analysis: an international journal, Band 40, Heft 10, S. 1944-1966
ISSN: 1539-6924
AbstractChina's railways were restructured in 2013. The number of regulatory practitioners has decreased significantly, making real‐time regulation more difficult. Regulatory transfers from inside to outside the railway industry increases information risks. A more reasonable regulation mechanism is needed. The article considers introducing a public supervision mechanism into the railway transportation safety regulation system, which includes two regulators and one regulatee. As the government regulator, the State Railway Administration (SRA) regulates the safety of China Railway Corporation (CR) and encourages the public to act as supervisors to expose the CR's unsafe production information. To analyze the risks and effectiveness of the system, a multiplayer evolutionary game and system dynamics‐based model for railway transportation safety regulation is established. The decision processes of players under different conditions are simulated. The results show that improving the public supervision ratio is conducive to improve the CR's safe production ratio. However, there is no evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the system. Strategies and evolutionary processes have large fluctuations, which represent high risk. Excessive penalty and reward coefficients can aggravate the amplitude and frequency of fluctuations, causing uncertainty in regulation and making it more difficult to control the actual problems. A dynamic reward and punishment mechanism is proposed to control these fluctuations. The system finally achieves an ESS that results in the lowest regulation investment for the SRA, a safe production ratio for the CR of 95%, and a public supervision ratio of 95.2%. Introducing public supervision and dynamic reward and punishment mechanisms help to stabilize and improve the CR's safe production ratio and to decrease the SRA's regulatory investment.
A dynamic view of environmental regulation influence mechanism on manufacturing agglomeration-a case study of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 3, S. 6643-6657
ISSN: 1614-7499
Cascade and Fusion: A Deep Learning Approach for Camouflaged Object Sensing
The demand for the sensor-based detection of camouflage objects widely exists in biological research, remote sensing, and military applications. However, the performance of traditional object detection algorithms is limited, as they are incapable of extracting informative parts from low signal-to-noise ratio features. To address this problem, we propose Camouflaged Object Detection with Cascade and Feedback Fusion (CODCEF), a deep learning framework based on an RGB optical sensor that leverages a cascaded structure with Feedback Partial Decoders (FPD) instead of a traditional encoder–decoder structure. Through a selective fusion strategy and feedback loop, FPD reduces the loss of information and the interference of noises in the process of feature interweaving. Furthermore, we introduce Pixel Perception Fusion (PPF) loss, which aims to pay more attention to local pixels that might become the edges of an object. Experimental results on an edge device show that CODCEF achieved competitive results compared with 10 state-of-the-art methods.
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Crayfish shell biochar modified with magnesium chloride and its effect on lead removal in aqueous solution
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 27, Heft 9, S. 9582-9588
ISSN: 1614-7499
Analyzing the Impacts of Land Subsidence on Flood Inundation: A Case Study of Brays Bayou in Texas During Hurricane Harvey
In: STOTEN-D-22-20702
SSRN
Experimental study of microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation to solidify coal gangue as backfill materials: mechanical properties and microstructure
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 30, S. 45774-45782
ISSN: 1614-7499
Authentication of emission monitoring data and optimization of desulfurization in the molybdenum roasting process based on BAT-OOPN and the response surface method
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 11, S. 13264-13274
ISSN: 1614-7499
How well do Chinese corporate responsibility expectations map onto an international corporate responsibility scale?
In: Umwelt-Wirtschafts-Forum: uwf ; die betriebswirtschaftlich-ökologisch orientierte Fachzeitschrift, Band 23, Heft 4, S. 191-196
ISSN: 1432-2293
Early Postoperative Inflammatory Response Affects Survival Prognosis of Nsclc Patients: A Retrospective Study
In: HELIYON-D-23-28747
SSRN
Future Heavy Rainfall and Flood Risks for Native Americans under Climate and Demographic Changes: A Case Study in Oklahoma
In: Weather, climate & society, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 143-154
ISSN: 1948-8335
Abstract
Climate change has posed inequitable risks to different communities. Among communities of color in the United States, Native Americans stand out because 1) they desire resources to sustain resilient nations and 2) they have developed nature-based solutions through experiences with local climate-related challenges, which can provide deep insight for the whole society. Projection of climate risks for Native Americans is essential to assess future risks and support their climate-ready nations, yet there has been lack of useable information. In this study, we projected three climate hazards—heavy rainfall, 2-yr floods, and flash floods—for tribal nations in Oklahoma. To break down into tribal jurisdictions, we utilize a coupled regional climate model at 4 km and flash-flood forecast model at 1 km. A hazard–exposure–vulnerability risk framework is applied to integrate both climate and demographic changes in a high-emissions scenario. It is found that 1) Indigenous people are the most vulnerable community in Oklahoma; 2) heavy rainfall and 2-yr floods have marked increases in risks at 501.1% and 632.6%, respectively, while flash floods have a moderate increase (296.4%); 3) Native Americans bear 68.0%, 64.3%, and 64.0% higher risks in heavy rainfall, 2-yr flooding, and flash flooding, respectively, than the general population in Oklahoma; 4) in comparing climate and demographic changes, it is seen that population growth leads to greater climate hazard risks than does climate change; and 5) emerging tribal nations are projected to have 10 times as much population, resulting in great exposures to climate extremes. This study can raise awareness of the impact of climate changes and draw attention to address climate injustice issues for minoritized communities.
Significance Statement
This study examines the impact of climate change on a marginalized community—Native Americans in Oklahoma, home to 39 federally recognized tribal nations. We utilized the high-resolution climate simulation at 4-km resolution and hydrologic simulation at 1-km resolution to aggregate three climate extremes to tribal jurisdictions. We find that climate and demographic changes disproportionately put many Native Americans at risk. The heavy rainfall, 2-yr floods, and flash floods are all projected to have increased risks by 501.1%, 632.6%, and 296.4%, respectively. Those risks are 68.0%, 64.3%, and 64.0% higher than the state average for the general population, respectively. We urge proper attention to tribal nations to address climate injustice issues as a whole with the acknowledgment of their distinct relationships to their homelands as sovereign peoples.
Analyzing the correlation between visual space and residents' psychology in Wuhan, China using street-view images and deep-learning technique
In: City and environment interactions, Band 11, S. 100069
ISSN: 2590-2520
Status and changes of water quality in typical near-city zones of three East African Great Lakes in Tanzania
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 23, S. 34105-34118
ISSN: 1614-7499
Transitioning from donor aid for health: perspectives of national stakeholders in Ghana
BACKGROUND: Ghana's shift from low-income to middle-income status will make it ineligible to receive concessional aid in the future. While transition may be a reflection of positive changes in a country, such as economic development or health progress, a loss of support from donor agencies could have negative impacts on health system performance and population health. We aimed to identify key challenges and opportunities that Ghana will face in dealing with aid transition, specifically from the point of view of country-level stakeholders. METHODS: We conducted key informant interviews with 18 stakeholders from the government, civil society organisations and donor agencies in Ghana using a semistructured interview guide. We performed directed content analysis of the interview transcripts to identify key themes related to anticipated challenges and opportunities that might result from donor transitions. RESULTS: Overall, stakeholders identified challenges more frequently than opportunities. All stakeholders interviewed believe that Ghana will face substantial challenges due to donor transitions. Challenges include difficulty filling financial gaps left by donors, the shifting of national priorities away from the health sector, lack of human resources for health, interrupted care for beneficiaries of donor-funded health programmes, neglect of vulnerable populations and loss of the accountability mechanisms that are linked with donor financing. However, stakeholders also identified key opportunities that transitions might present, including efficiency gains, increased self-determination and self-sufficiency, enhanced capacity to leverage domestic resources and improved revenue mobilisation. CONCLUSION: Stakeholders in Ghana believe transitioning away from aid for health presents both challenges and opportunities. The challenges could be addressed by conducting a transition readiness assessment, identifying health sector priorities, developing a transition plan with a budget to continue critical health programmes and ...
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