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AbstractStriving to peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality (known as the "Dual-Carbon" goal) is an inevitable requirement for elevating the environmental resource constraints and realizing harmonious coexistence between the mankind and the earth. In the energy system, nuclear energy offers various advantages, such as high energy density, low carbon emission, strong environmental adaptability and large potential for energy co-generation and co-supply. It is one of the supporting energy sources for the transformation and upgradation of the energy system to a clean, efficient and low-carbon way. In this paper, the opportunities and challenges for innovation-driven nuclear energy development in the fields of electricity generation, hydrogen production, heat supply and seawater desalination under the goal of "Dual-Carbon" are discussed and analyzed. Besides, the relevant research on improving the safety and economy of the pressurized water reactor (PWR) and sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) conducted by the Nuclear THermal–hydraulic research Lab (NuTHeL) of Xi'an Jiaotong University is briefly introduced.

The objective of this study was to identify the association between gender norms and family planning practices among men in Western Jamaica. A cross-sectional survey of 549 men aged 19 to 54 years attending or visiting four government-operated hospitals was conducted in 2011. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, intention to have a large family size (three or more children), and fathering children with multiple women. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the models. Reduced odds for taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy among men with moderate (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.8) and high (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1–0.6) support for inequitable gender norms was observed. Desiring large family size was associated with moderate (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.3–2.5) and high (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5–4.3) support for macho scores. For men with two or more children (41 %), there were increased odds of fathering children with multiple women among those who had moderate (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0–4.4) and high (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1–5.6) support for masculinity norms. Support for inequitable gender norms was associated with reduced odds of taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, while support for masculinity norms was associated with desiring a large family size and fathering children with multiple women. These findings highlight the importance of including men and gender norms in family planning programs in Jamaica.