Suchergebnisse

The paper attempts to prove that mathematics is not just one of the
keys to comprehending the conceptosphere of A. Bely's novel Petersburg, but the
basis of his poetics, including the character sphere. It is the mathematical approach
to the ways of grouping characters, as well as to the types of psychological analysis,
that ensures the compositional unity of the chaotic, 'unassembled', at fi rst sight, text.
Th e 'brain game' of the characters and the author-narrator, which reveals the textgenerating algorithm of the novel and provides seemingly unlimited freedom to its
creator, turns out to be a carefully adjusted 'program' based on a system of binary
oppositions. A. Bely's Petersburg, for all its ornamental 'motleyness', is one of the
most well-ordered texts of Russian literature: random encounters and collisions of
characters, their chaotic movements around the city, strange actions, as well as
'disorderly' thoughts, have a strict 'mathematical foundation'.
At the same time, the principle of binary oppositions as the organizing principle
of the system of characters corresponds to the logic of the neo-mythological text,
which is characterized by the mutual refl ection of characters into each other, as well
as the division of a single 'pro-hero' into novel doubles. The philosophical ideas of
Vyach. Ivanov, dating back to the teachings of the Pythagoreans and their interpretation of the monad and dyad (as the essence of Apollo and Dionysus), are correlated in the novel with the scientific discoveries of Professor N.V. Bugaev (arrhythmology, the doctrine of 'continuity' and 'discontinuity'). Moreover, it is emphasized
that Bely's interest in the categories of singularity and multiplicity, which sets the
mathematically visual vector of perception of the text — and above all its system of
characters — reveals a typological relationship with other areas of mathematical
knowledge (in particular, with the Banach—Tarski paradox).

ABSTRACTPeers play an important role in socially withdrawn adolescents' adjustment. Using a dyadic peer‐rating approach, this study examined adolescents' attitudes and beliefs about real‐world, rather than hypothetical, subtypes of socially withdrawn peers. Data were drawn from 274 adolescents (Mage = 13.23 years, SD = .68; 52% boys) from rural China. Adolescents rated each classmate's withdrawal motivation (shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance) and attitudes and beliefs about each classmate, including affiliative preference, social acceptance, prosocial orientation, teacher liking, negative impact, and learning problems. Results indicated that adolescents had pervasive negative perceptions of socially avoidant peers on all the outcomes except for teacher liking, and occasionally negative perceptions of shy peers, including low social acceptance and more learning problems. In contrast, adolescents did not perceive unsociable peers differently compared to non‐withdrawn peers. Gender differences were found only for social avoidance with avoidant girls occasionally eliciting more negative perceptions than avoidant boys. These findings uncovered the complexity of young adolescents' perceptions of socially withdrawn peers in rural China and highlight the need for more efforts to support the healthy development of socially avoidant adolescents.

Executive turnover is important in the governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Herein, we focus on the executive turnover of China's SOEs, and the implementation of related evaluation mechanisms under different levels of government intervention. We collect executive turnover data of listed Chinese SOEs from 1999 to 2012, and find that about half of the SOE executives leave office within two terms, which is in line with government recommendations. Moreover, we find that more than a third of executives leave after less than one term, and nearly 20% after more than two terms, highlighting the uncertainty and unpredictability of executive appointments in SOEs. We also find that the executive evaluation mechanism for SOEs is implemented differently under different levels of government intervention. SOEs under weak intervention, such as those controlled indirectly by governments, controlled with low shareholdings, from non-regulated industries or in the Eastern regions, prefer the market-oriented evaluation method, which places more weight on executives' economic performance. In contrast, those under strong intervention prefer the government-oriented evaluation method, which is characterized by policy burden.

Abstract
This paper examines the career mobility and performance evaluation of the leaders of China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) at the central, provincial and prefectural levels. Using data on executive turnover within publicly listed SOEs, we find that central and local SOE leaders have a similar career flow pattern. Specifically, vertical mobility within the same business group is common and more than 60 per cent of SOE leaders leave their office within three years. Only a minority of SOE leaders achieve political promotion. We also find that performance evaluation criteria are different across central and local SOEs. The leaders who provide better economic outcomes for central SOEs obtain a higher evaluation score, while close political connections boost the promotion prospects of local SOE leaders. Overall, our findings provide granular evidence on the personnel management of China's SOEs from a comparative perspective.

AbstractWe examined cross‐informant agreement of unsociability and associations of unsociability with social and school adjustment. Participants were 229 (48% girls; Mage = 14.25, SD = .78 years) seventh‐ and eighth‐graders in Liaoning, China. Unsociability and shyness were assessed with self‐reports and peer nominations. Social and school adjustment data were obtained from multiple sources (self‐, peer‐, teacher‐reports). Peer‐reported unsociability was not significantly correlated with self‐reported unsociability, but was positively correlated with self‐reported shyness. Path models indicated that controlling for shyness and demographic covariates, peer‐, but not self‐reported, unsociability was associated with low peer acceptance, high peer rejection and exclusion, low school liking, and low academic performance and achievement. The findings suggest that unsociable Chinese adolescents may have multifaceted adjustment difficulties with peers and at school, but only when perceived as unsociable by peers. Methodological and theoretical implications of the results and the lack of correspondence between self‐ and peer‐reports were discussed.

We investigated the impact of positive group affective tone on employee work engagement. Participants in the study were 74 research and development groups (324 employees and 74 group leaders) employed by high-technology companies in China. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed
a positive cross-level relationship between positive group affective tone and employee work engagement; this relationship was partially mediated by employee core self-evaluation. In addition, there was a positive relationship between leader psychological capital and positive group affective
tone at the group level. We further found that leader psychological capital was a moderator between employee core self-evaluation and their work engagement, such that the positive association was stronger when leader psychological capital was high than when it was low. Implications for organizational
and individual change are described, and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.

PurposeDrawing upon person–supervisor fit theory, a model is developed to illustrate how leader–member trait mindfulness (in)congruence may impact leader–member exchange (LMX) and how such trait mindfulness (in)congruence can indirectly influence taking charge.Design/methodology/approachPolynomial regression and response surface methodology are used to analyze 237 valid matched leader–member dyads.FindingsLMX increases as leaders' and members' trait mindfulness become more aligned; LMX is higher when leader–member dyads are congruent at high levels (vs low levels). In the case of incongruence, LMX is higher when the member's trait mindfulness exceeds that of the leader. Furthermore, the relationship between leader–member trait mindfulness (in)congruence and taking charge is mediated by LMX.Practical implicationsThe joint and interactive role of high trait mindfulness in leader–member dyads can help them to generate high-quality interpersonal exchange, as well as to cope with challenges posed by present and future changes.Originality/valueThe linear, nonlinear, simultaneous and interactive effects of dyadic trait mindfulness expand previous research, clarifying that the evaluation of leader–member congruence and incongruence at various degrees, and for various patterns of trait mindfulness, is more informative than examining the direct effect alone.

The fractal characteristics of the security market were considered in portfolio strategy optimization. First, the detrended cross-correlation analysis was adopted to measure the fractal correlation of different securities. Second, the fractal correlation was embedded into the mean-variance criterion of the modern portfolio theory. Third, the mean-detrended cross-correlation analysis portfolio strategy of multiple risk assets was constructed, and the analytic solution of the strategy was given. Finally, the evaluation results revealed that the constructed the mean-detrended cross-correlation analysis portfolio strategy clearly improved investment performance, thus achieving the goal of optimizing the multiple risk asset portfolio strategy.