Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe protective restriction of children moving into adulthood has attracted growing attention among the public and experts. This article ethnographically explores how China's suburban teachers practice a selective restriction to help children mature properly. It demonstrates that while educators work to mitigate students' concrete contact with the adult environments, they also inculcate students with the harsh realities of the adult world. It contends that educators' paradoxical attitudes are closely related to the transitional view of childhood in contemporary Chinese society. Consequently, this ideal childhood with appropriate maturity has become a delicate status to achieve and—more importantly—not to overdo.

This article discusses the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on China's foreign aid provision by analysing the ensuing transformation and challenges. With regard to transformation, impacts are evident in the increased significance of this aid in China's overall diplomatic project, the changes in development financing arrangements, the long-term vision in planning infrastructure engagement, and the shift towards multilateral cooperation and soft aid programmes. While the BRI has reshaped China's foreign aid in many aspects, the initiative has also posed challenges to the organisation and delivery of aid. The lack of transparency and the fragmented institutional arrangement of China's foreign aid are likely to limit the effectiveness of its aid engagement abroad. The rapid increase in lending to developing countries also raises the debt trap issue and discourse. Moreover, China faces challenges in engaging in partnerships with civil society groups and local communities in the host countries where "soft" programmes of cultural exchange and people-to-people connections are made. The article argues that the BRI is a double-edged sword, representing new opportunities for China's foreign aid while also posing challenges. (China / GIGA)

China officially ended its one-child policy effective from 1 January 2016. Yet the effects of the relaxation of birth control policy have been limited thus far. Largely relying upon policy incentives, China's policymakers also face pressure to take more direct measures to boost fertility rate. Whether the Chinese government is able to balance the needs of the nation and the citizens' private rights remains a big question mark.

Aktiv psychische Kausalität gilt als eine außergewöhnliche Form des deliktsrechtlichen Kausalzusammenhangs. In den Verfolgungs-, Rettungs- oder Grünstreifenfällen, welche die typischen Fallgruppen des vorliegenden Untersuchungsgegenstands bilden, erweist sich die Prüfung der haftungsbegründenden Kausalität oft als schwierig. Die richterrechtliche »Herausforderungsformel« findet zwar auf eine Zahl von den Fällen der psychisch vermittelten Kausalität Anwendung, ihre Merkmale, dogmatischer Standort sowie Anwendungsbereich aber bleiben umstritten. Um die Herausforderungsformel zu einem handhabbaren Kriterium zu machen, ist die aktiv psychische Kausalität zunächst von den andersartigen Formen des Kausalverlaufs infolge psychischer Vermittlung zu unterscheiden. Als neuer Lösungsweg ist das Kriterium der Pflichtverletzung dort empfehlenswert, wo die Herausforderungsformel versagt. / »Active Psychical Causality in Tort Law« -- Active psychical causality is an extraordinary sort of causation in tort law. In cases of chase, rescue and »green stripe« the causality is viewed as a complicated problem. It is recommended, that the rule of challenge and the criterion of breached obligation be applied in their respective scopes

As a vital method to resolve conflicts between water use in upstream and downstream areas and solve the problem of transboundary water pollution, watershed ecological compensation is widely used worldwide. It is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of watershed ecological compensation from the perspective of how different governments interact with each other. However, the previous literature has paid less attention to the special situation of cross-regional water diversion projects, the changing processes of governmental behavior, and the interventions by the central government. Therefore, when taking the upstream and downstream governments and the central government in the basin of a cross-regional water diversion project as research objects, it is important to study their behavior and influencing factors to improve the ecological compensation system in the basin. This paper first analyzes the interactions among upstream, downstream, and central governments in the basin, based on evolutionary game theory. Second, the evolutionary game models before and after the interventions by the central government were developed separately, and the effects of different contexts on the dynamic evolutionary process were analyzed. Finally, taking the Hanjiang River Basin as an example, which is where the water source area of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Project is located, the opportunity cost of protecting the water environment in the upstream areas of this basin was estimated by establishing an econometric regression model using data on water quality and gross domestic product. The results show that (1) the initial probabilities of governments affect their final behaviors; (2) even without the supervision of the central government, it is still possible for upstream and downstream governments to reach the desired state spontaneously; (3) the supervision of the central government can promote upstream and downstream governments to reach a stable state faster; and (4) the current level of compensation from the central government is significantly lower than the opportunity cost of protecting the water environment for upstream governments in the Hanjiang River Basin. This paper can provide helpful insights for improving the ecological compensation system in the basin, which helps promote cooperation in water environment protection.

Social public welfare practice is an important way to realize the goal of practical education in colleges and universities. Through a survey of 439 university students in Beijing, the results in this study showed that university students' intention to participate in social public
welfare practice was influenced by perceived value, behavioral attitude, and perceived behavioral control, and was not affected by subjective norms. Behavioral attitude and perceived behavioral control played a mediating role between perceived value and intention to participate. These findings
extend the research perspective to the field of social welfare and have the potential to promote the development of social welfare practice activities for university students.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the joint influence of dependence and trust in supply chain relationships on supply chain integration (SCI) and financial performance.


Design/methodology/approach
– This study develops a dependence-trust-SCI-performance model and tests it using structural equation modeling based on empirical data collected from 617 manufacturers in China.


Findings
– The results show that trust with customers/suppliers significantly influences SCI. Although dependence on customers/suppliers has no direct effect on SCI, it improves SCI indirectly through trust with customers/suppliers. Both supplier integration and customer integration significantly improve financial performance.


Practical implications
– This study suggests that manufacturers should manage dependence and trust in supply chain relationships simultaneously to enable SCI. When there is high-level dependence on customers/suppliers, manufacturers should invest resources to develop trust with those customers/suppliers. Moreover, to achieve a better financial performance, manufacturers should integrate with both customers and suppliers.


Originality/value
– This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence regarding the direct effect of trust on SCI, and the indirect influence of dependence on SCI through trust. This extends extant knowledge regarding the joint impact of dependence and trust on SCI. Hence, both researchers and practitioners should pay attention to interdependence among different relationship management practices. Moreover, this study also empirically supports the argument that SCI improves firms
'
financial performance.

Aus chinesischer Sicht