Suchergebnisse

The United States Dollar (USD) replacement of the sterling as the dominant
currency is not only the result of the "invisible hand," but also the
"visible hand." This study analyzes the effect of the monetary policy in the
United States (U.S.) on the international share of the USD from 1914 to 1945
using the Bayesian technique, to estimate the time-varying parameter vector
autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model. The study posits two main findings. First,
the time-point impulse response shows that the increase in the U.S. interest
rate results in an increase in the international share of the USD, implying
that this increase has an expansion effect on the USD, and the effect has no
time-varying characteristics. Second, the equal time interval impulse
response shows that the effect of the monetary policy on the share of the
USD is greater in the short term.

The widespread use of and dependence on smartphones has resulted in spousal marital satisfaction being affected by partner phubbing behavior. We investigated the mediating effect of phubbing on the link between self-control and marital satisfaction for both actors and partners. We used
the Smartphone Addiction Scale for Chinese Adults, the Self-Control Scale, and the Olson Enrich Marital Inventory to assess 676 Chinese couples with at least one child. Self-control had a significantly positive correlation with marital satisfaction, and spouses' phubbing partially mediated
the relationship between participants' self-control and marital satisfaction, thus indicating a significant actor effect. Only a husband's phubbing significantly mediated the path between the husband's self-control and wife's marital satisfaction, thereby suggesting different partner effect
patterns. These findings imply that self-control is a positive factor in marital satisfaction, and a spouse's phubbing may also play a negative role in marital satisfaction.

AbstractAs acute gastrointestinal (AGI) disease patients only sometimes seek medical care or submit stool samples for testing, and laboratories cannot detect or identify the pathogen, most cases of foodborne gastroenteritis still need to be identified through public health monitoring. We conducted a population survey and sentinel hospital surveillance to determine the burden of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by non‐typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, from July 2018 to June 2019 in Zhejiang province, China, and a model for calculating disease burden established. Using the burden of illness pyramid model, we estimated that there were 140.3 cases of NTS infection and 136.2 cases of V. parahaemolyticus infection. We estimated annual incidence per 100,000 population in Zhejiang province as 236 (95% confidence interval [CI] 208–267) and 206 (95% CI 155–232) cases for foodborne NTS and V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis, respectively. The results show that AGI caused by these two pathogens constitutes a substantial burden in the Zhejiang population. The health burden of AGI estimations caused by NTS and V. parahaemolyticus in this study can serve as a strategic framework to direct policy and intervention.