Suchergebnisse

In recent years, the legitimacy of China's criminal justice system has been increasingly challenged by the Chinese populace, in part due to the numerous exposed miscarriages of justice. The Chinese academic mainstream as well as the political and judicial authorities have looked towards the classical Anglo-American model of an adversarial criminal justice system to solve this problem. Reforms were subsequently introduced to add weight to court sessions and to provide external transparency of criminal trials, whilst curtailing the weight of pre-trial proceedings and the case file. Yet, these solutions have failed to restore the legitimacy of China's criminal justice. This book goes beyond adversarial dogmas and concentrates instead on internal transparency of criminal procedure, presupposing that in a criminal justice system such as that of China internal transparency of criminal procedure is a critical condition for external transparency and crucial to the achievement of legitimacy. The author proposes to nurture impartiality of public prosecutors and to emphasize internal transparency of criminal procedure. Prosecutorial control over the police and judicial checks on the procuratorates should be improved as well and active judicial investigation restored where necessary. External transparency, on the other hand, needs to be enhanced in a more cautious or internalized way.

Abstract
This article explores how, in 1784 New Orleans, Cecilia Conway—a recaptured maroon woman—asserted that she was pregnant and thereby leveraged the power of her reproductive labor. Her claims about her body briefly slowed down the system of capital punishment activated in response to her marronage by altering the trajectory of the state-sanctioned sexual violence inflicted on her. The conversations between Cecilia and the prison's authorities that this article unearths constitute an original archive of Cecilia's assertions while accounting for their heavily mediated and yet remarkable presence. By centering the details of Cecilia's life, this article helps recast the threat of marronage in colonial Louisiana from simply one of male-led armed rebellion to one of reproduction, thorny kinship networks, and a potential maroon society.

This study addresses how China's policy response to problems in Xinjiang is interpreted and implemented by officials, who are both governing agents and governed subjects by interviewing Chinese officials working in both Central government and Local governments.

In this article we argue that the families of Communist Party members are increasingly being seen as both part of the problem and part of the solution to eradicating corruption in contemporary China. Our findings reveal how families are being investigated as well as co-opted by the party as a mechanism for encouraging its members to become ethical communist subjects. The current anti-corruption campaign in China is the context that has enabled this indirect governance of communist officials through the co-option of their 'nearest and dearest' in the party's power structures. We argue that 'the family' in China is a privileged site for the remoralisation of society and the party through the process of facilitating what we call the 'ethical subjectivities' of officials. The contribution we make in this article is to analyse the continuum between the formal agencies of socialisation within the communist system and the informal but equally important institution of socialisation, namely, Communist Party members' families.

As part of its anti-corruption campaigns in China, the Communist Party of China (CCP) provides officials opportunities to redeem themselves and renew their vows of loyalty to the Party and the people they serve. Officials must regain honour through a process of self-confrontation and self-renunciation in compulsory meetings in which they are encouraged to transform their immoral thoughts and behaviours through confessional criticism and self-criticism practices. These meetings facilitate officials' redemption through a divinized, ritualistic and theatrical process. In the process of confession and penance, officials must expose themselves to a type of ritual martyrdom, which combines elements of shame, a commitment to absolute obedience and exposure to risk. This paper is based on original fieldwork comprising 50 interviews with high-, mid- and low-level officials across China during 2014 and 2015.

In 2018, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) area launched the Blue Sky Protection Campaign (BSPC) to control atmospheric pollution. CO2 emissions could be significantly reduced due to the co-effects of implementing the BSPC. This paper employs the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies Asia model to quantitatively evaluate the CO2 reductions when implementing the BSPC in the BTH region. The results indicate that CO2 emissions can be reduced by 20.7 Mt (equivalently, a 19.7% reduction in the corresponding baseline scenario), 6.8 Mt (3.8%), and 80.2 Mt (9.2%) by 2020 for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively, as a co-benefit of the BSPC. By 2030, it is estimated that the CO2 emission reductions will be 37.8 Mt (26.6%), 4.85 Mt (2.5%), and 69.9 Mt (8.6%) for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively. NOx presents the highest co-effects with CO2 in each region. From the key sector perspective, sectors of power and heating in Beijing, residential combustion in Tianjin, and industrial combustion in Hebei are the most important sector that presents the highest co-effects on CO2 emission reductions due to the application of BSPC. We suggest that the implementation of BSPC, specifically the energy control measures in the power and heating, residential combustion, and industrial combustion sectors for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively, have high synergies and can simultaneously reduce CO2 and other atmospheric emissions. The results contribute to city-level policymaking on facilitating air pollution control and climate change mitigation among different governmental departments.

In 2018, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) area launched the Blue Sky Protection Campaign (BSPC) to control atmospheric pollution. CO2 emissions could be significantly reduced due to the co-effects of implementing the BSPC. This paper employs the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies Asia model to quantitatively evaluate the CO2 reductions when implementing the BSPC in the BTH region. The results indicate that CO2 emissions can be reduced by 20.7 Mt (equivalently, a 19.7% reduction in the corresponding baseline scenario), 6.8 Mt (3.8%), and 80.2 Mt (9.2%) by 2020 for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively, as a co-benefit of the BSPC. By 2030, it is estimated that the CO2 emission reductions will be 37.8 Mt (26.6%), 4.85 Mt (2.5%), and 69.9 Mt (8.6%) for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively. NOx presents the highest co-effects with CO2 in each region. From the key sector perspective, sectors of power and heating in Beijing, residential combustion in Tianjin, and industrial combustion in Hebei are the most important sector that presents the highest co-effects on CO2 emission reductions due to the application of BSPC. We suggest that the implementation of BSPC, specifically the energy control measures in the power and heating, residential combustion, and industrial combustion sectors for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively, have high synergies and can simultaneously reduce CO2 and other atmospheric emissions. The results contribute to city-level policymaking on facilitating air pollution control and climate change mitigation among different governmental departments.

Controlling self-renewal and lineage differentiation of stem cells (SCs) is critical for SC therapy in regenerative medicine. Multiple signal pathways such as Wnt, TGF-? and BMP are involved in modulating proliferation or specific differentiation of different types of SCs. Dietary phytochemicals, the major source of new drugs, are found to stimulate self-renewal and sub-population differentiation of SCs by activating/inhibiting the signal pathways (MAPK, canonical Wnt/?-catenin, AKT, etc.) and key transcription factors (OCT4, NANOG, Runx2, etc.). Dietary phytochemicals are important for SC therapy owing to the plethora of targets. In this review, we discussed the SC types and their regulatory mechanism. Applications of phenols, flavonoids, sterols and alkaloids chemicals from food or herbs on targeting SCs along with their molecular mechanisms are also discussed. Dietary phytochemicals are promising to enhance endogenous/exogenous SC therapy in various diseases. ; This work was financially supported by grants from Innovation and Technology Support Programme, Government of Hong Kong (Project code: UIM/321 ), and Seed Fund for Basic Research (Project code: 201611159232 ), University of Hong Kong . ; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103822

This paper examines the emergence of the role of "moral doctors" who volunteer in what are called "moral clinics" in Huzhou city. In these moral clinics, the characteristics, experiences, and attributes of older women, in particular, are highly valued and viewed as being essential to the role of the moral doctor. These moral doctors act as moral exemplars and conflict mediators in their local communities. Their moral capital and professionalism, combined with their gender, age, familial and neighborhood attributes, contribute to the accumulation of an affective feminized labor which employs the techniques of care, reason, and moral fortitude to govern the self and others. We unpack these ethical virtues exemplified by moral doctors and nurses in order to show how a female‐centric "ethic of care" can become a set of techniques in governing others. In this paper, we elaborate on the role that these moral doctors perform to support the aims of the moral clinics in terms of fostering pro‐social behavior and moral obligation in local communities. We argue that the performance of this type of "moral work" is both a mechanism of discipline and a process of self‐actualization. We contribute to the current literature on "therapeutic governance" in China by showing how the non‐expert medicalization of social ills by moral doctors is incorporated into the reproduction of social control.