Suchergebnisse

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the ways in which official Chinese written monologues implicitly trigger alignment with the public in the wake of national social crises. Our understanding of alignment encompasses the attitude of creating an authoritative line of discourse, which in turn triggers the responsive alignment of the receivers with the decision makers. We believe that alignment is a fundamental concept to understand how linguistic politeness operates in political monologues such as gong'gao. Such texts are rich in forms of deference such as honorifics and other ritual phrases used towards Chinese politicians. The reason why such forms of politeness deserve special attention in language and politics is that they are not interpersonal, and their use correlates with implicit communication.

Piezoelectric materials, especially Pb-based piezoelectric materials, are widely used in the key components of sensors, actuators, and transducers. Due to the rising concern of the toxicity of Pb, global legislation has been adopted to restrict the use of Pb. Given that the available Pb-free piezoelectric materials cannot replace the Pb-based ones for various reasons, we designed and fabricated a low-Pb piezoelectric solid-solution ceramic system, (1–x)Ba(Zr0.18Ti0.82)O3–x(Ba0.78Pb0.22)TiO3 (denoted as BZ0.18T–xBP0.22T herein). The crystal structure, ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of the BZ0.18T–xBP0.22T system were systematically studied. With the increase in BP0.22T content, the structure of the samples changed from a rhombohedral phase to a tetragonal phase; the intermediate composition x = 0.5 was located at the morphotropic phase boundary of the system and corresponded to the state with the coexistence of the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. Moreover, x = 0.5 exhibited the optimum comprehensive properties among all the samples, with a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 240 pC/N, a maximum dielectric temperature Tm of 121.1°C, and a maximum polarization Pm of 15 μC/cm2. Our work verifies the validity of the route to design low-Pb high-piezoelectric materials and may stimulate the interests for exploring new low-Pb high-performance ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials.

Überblick über Forschungseinrichtungen, Themen und Tendenzen der Lateinamerikaforschung in der VR China. Nach Aussagen der beteiligten Wissenschaftler mangelt es an zuverlässigen Informationsquellen, da die im Wirtschafts- und Außenministerium verfügbaren Daten aufgrund bürokratischer Schwierigkeiten nicht in wünschenswerter Weise verfügbar gemacht werden können

Relations between China and Latin America date back hundreds of years and have intensified since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Recognizing that meaningful relations with Latin America require an understanding of that varied region, China has established appropriate study and research programs. This essay on current Latin American programs in the People's Republic of China will report on research organizations, research interests of Chinese scholars, and current trends within Latin American studies. The double objectives are to describe China's interest in Latin America and to establish closer contacts between Latin Americanists in China and the United States.

AbstractThe study of the contamination patterns and characteristics of Sb and As in the soils of the legacy contaminated sites of antimony smelters is important for the redevelopment and utilization of industrial sites. In this study, 13 heavy metals were determined in the soil and plants of an antimony smelter in Gansu Province to study the biogeochemical behavior, health risk, and pollution source. The results showed that the Nemerow index of Sb (728) exceeded the value of As (43.6) by 17.6 times, and the average geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of Sb and As were 10.1 and 1.97, respectively, categorized as extremely and moderately contaminated classes. Compared to As, Sb had a larger proportion of oxidizable fraction and a smaller proportion of reducible fraction (Fe/Mn oxides), suggesting that Sb possessed a higher content of organic matter and sulfide forms. Even though the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for As was about 10 times higher than that for Sb, the accumulation of Sb in plants was not negligible. For the USEPA model, the mean hazard quotient (HQ) values of As by oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation accounted for 99.0%, 0.97%, and 0.0002% of the total, and 54.2%, 45.3%, and 0.51% for MEEPRC model, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between Sb, As, Zn, Se, Cd, and Ba (P < 0.05). The results of the source identification analysis revealed that antimony smelting, solid waste pollution, and natural origin were identified as the main pollution sources. The principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) methods differed by more than 20% in the analysis of the contribution of antimony smelting activities and solid waste pollution sources, suggesting the differences in the models themselves and in the uncertainty parameters chosen during the application.