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Intro -- ECOLOGICAL MODELING -- ECOLOGICAL MODELING -- Contents -- Preface -- Artificial Neural Network Simulation of Spatial Distribution of Arthropods: A Multi-Model Comparison -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Field Investigation -- 2.2. Artificial Neural Network -- 2.3. Response Surface Model (RSM) -- 2.4. Spline Function -- 2.5. Data Description -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Simulating Spatial Distribution with Neural Network and Response Surface Model -- 3.2. Cross Validation of Models -- 4. Conclusion and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Multispectral Vegetation Indices in Remote Sensing: An Overview -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2 Radiometric Principles and Considerations in the Reflective Part of EMR -- 2.1. Atmospheric and Radiometric Properties of Remote Sensing -- 2.2. Properties of Earth Surface Materials -- 3. Overview of Vegetation Indices in Remote Sensing -- 3.1. Indices Linked with Biomass Estimation -- 3.2. Indices Linked with LAI -- 3.3. Indices Associated with Fraction (Fapar) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Development of a Decision Support System for the Estimation of Surface Water Pollution Risk from Olive Mill Waste Discharges -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Risk Assessment Framework and Conceptual Model of OMW Pollution -- 3. Description of Developed Risk-Evaluating Criteria -- 3.1. Extent of Possible Harmed Receptors (Cr.1) -- 3.2. Possible Sedimentation Areas Criterion (Cr.2) -- 3.3. Precipitation Criterion (Cr.3) -- 3.4. Waste Volume to Lagoon Capacity Ratio Criterion (Cr.4) -- 3.5. Lagoon Conditions Criterion (Cr.5) -- 3.6. Length of the Flow Path to Surface Water Bodies Criterion (Cr.6) -- 3.7. Surface Water Quality Criterion (Cr.7) -- 4. Quantitative Approach for Risk Assessment from OMW -- 4.1. Calculating Criterion Values.

Intro -- BEHAVIORAL AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- COLLECTING ARTHROPOD AND AMPHIBIAN SECRETIONS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Arthropod Secretions and Venoms -- 1.2. Amphibian Skin Secretions -- 1.3. Sources of Defensive Chemicals Known from Amphibian Skin Secretions -- 1.3.1. Microsymbionts that Produce Defensive Chemicals -- 1.3.2. Dietary Sequestration of Toxins -- 1.3.3. Biosynthesis of defensive chemicals -- 1.4. Chemicals Used in Communication -- 1.4.1. Pheromones and allelochemicals -- 1.4.2. Behavioral studies in the field and laboratory -- 1.5. Aim of This Chapter -- 2. COLLECTION PREPARATION AND LOGISTICS -- 2.1. In-Country Collaborators and Local Support -- 2.2. Research/Collecting and Export/Import Permits -- 2.3. Tropical Field Work -- 2.4. Materials -- 3. COLLECTION METHODS -- 3.1. Record Keeping -- 3.2. Avoiding Contamination -- 3.3. Nonlethal Amphibian Skin Secretion Collection -- 3.3.1. Secretion induction via electronic stimulation -- 3.3.2. Secretion induction via mechanical stimulation -- 3.3.3. Other Techniques for Secretion Induction and Collection -- 3.3.4. Genetic Material -- 3.4. Frog Voucher Collection -- 3.4.1. Euthanization and Skinning -- 3.4.2. Stomach Contents -- 3.4.3. Genetic Material -- 3.5. Arthropod Chemicals -- 3.5.1. Whole Animal Extracts -- 3.5.2. Specialized Arthropod Secretion And Venom Collection -- 4. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS-OVERVIEW FOR BIOLOGISTS AS IS RELEVANT TO COLLECTION TECHNIQUES -- 4.1. Purification and Fractionation -- 4.2. Spectroscopic Methods -- 4.3. Contamination- An Example from the Literature -- 4.4. Artifacts -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 7. REFERENCES -- 8. APPENDIX: EXAMPLE PACKING LIST FOR TROPICALFIELD WORK -- Personal Supplies for Carry-on -- Camping -- Personal -- Medical -- Team Supplies (Camping, Food, Clothes, Etc).

Graphs, networks and agent-based modeling are the most thriving and attracting sciences used in ecology and environmental sciences. As such, this book is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject in the areas of ecology and environmental sciences. From this integrated and self-contained book, researchers, university teachers and students will be provided with an in-depth and complete insight on knowledge, methodology and recent advances of graphs, networks and agent-based-modeling in ecology and environmental sciences. Java codes and a standalone software package will be presented in the book for easy use for those not familiar with mathematical details

The purpose of the article is to study the chain of interaction "challenge-action- confidence", to build a system model of the dependence of the level of confidence on the impact of the challenge under the influence of the activity context and to formulate the law of the crisis of confidence, which reveals the process of its functioning in the conditions of transforming economic relations. The methodological basis of the study was humanistic and economic approaches, which made it possible to pay priority attention to the problems of interaction between challenge and confidence, as well as to the process of the influence of social mechanisms on the level of confidence. The use of the synthesis method made it possible to identify the author's approach to the problem, and the application of the identification principle revealed shortcomings in the theory and practice of the interaction between challenge and confidence. The system-integrated approach made it possible to identify problems in the "challenge-confidence" chain, determine the role of the social mechanism in forming the context of this process, build a systemic model of the dependence of the level of confidence on the impact of a challenge under the influence of the context, and formulate the law of its functioning through the introduction of the concept of a crisis of confidence. The results of the work are: a new theoretical and empirical understanding of how a challenge, confidence and context interact in a single chain, a system model of the dependence of the level of confidence on the impact of a challenge under the influence of the context, and the law of the crisis of confidence, which reveals the process of its functioning. The main scientific conclusion is concluded in the position that under the influence of external and internal challenges to confidence, with its existing certain level, the process of functioning of the social mechanisms of its formation should be concentrated on making a creative response that makes it possible to reduce the impact of a challenge on confidence, and in specific conditions and increase the level of confidence based on the use of the positive component of the challenge.