Suchergebnisse

China's Education Development and Policy, 1978-2008 is translated from the original Chinese version and presents the current assessment of the changes to the educational system in China and how those changes have been perceived during the past thirty years

This investigation compares and contrasts the personality make-up of young Chinese adults in Taiwan, urban and rural China. Utilizing the California Psycho logical Inventory, we assessed their degree of internality, norm-abiding tendency, and self-actualization. Given the presence of greater Western influence, opportunities and tolerance for deviation in Taiwan versus the PRC, and in urban versus rural China, it was hypothesized that Taiwan respondents would show the greatest deviation from traditional Chinese traits (ie. score most externally-oriented, least norm-abiding and most actualized), followed by urban Chinese, with rural Chinese remaining the most traditional. We found the three groups to differ in the expected direction on norm-abiding tendency, reflective of differential exposure to and tolerance for deviation from prevailing norms in the three settings. The Taiwan sample scored more actualized than the PRC samples, reflective of the presence of greater opportunities in Taiwan. The three groups did not differ on internality, but all showed increasing externality, approximating the level reported by young European American adults.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Understanding China's Aging Population and Services for Aging Persons -- 1.2 Using the Book -- 1.2.1 Data -- 1.2.2 Base Maps -- 1.3 Chapters -- 1.4 Future Development -- References -- Part I: History and Context -- 2: China's Population Aging and Regional Variation -- 2.1 Population Aging in the Past Seven Decades -- 2.1.1 The Largest Aging Population in the World -- 2.1.2 Stages of Population Aging -- 2.2 Regional Variation and Changes -- 2.2.1 Regional Variation at Provincial Level -- 2.2.2 Regional Variation at County Level -- 2.2.3 Urban and Rural Variation -- 2.2.4 Difference of Ethnic Regions -- 2.3 Factors Affecting Aging Population Variation -- 2.3.1 Data and Method -- 2.3.2 Analysis and Results -- 2.3.3 Discussion -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- 3: Government Policies and Programs of Services for Aging Persons: A Review -- 3.1 Policies and Programs Between 1950 and 1978 -- 3.2 Policies and Programs Since the Economic Reform Started in 1978 -- 3.3 Central Government Policies -- 3.3.1 Government Purchases of Aging Persons Care Services -- 3.3.2 Open the Aging Persons Care Services Market and Encourage Private and Social Capitals to Enter -- 3.4 National Programs -- 3.4.1 Aging Persons Care and Service Undertakings -- 3.4.1.1 Legal Aid and Rights Protection Services for the Aging Persons -- 3.4.1.2 Senior Association and Social Activities -- 3.4.1.3 The Education System for the Aging Persons -- 3.4.1.4 Aging Persons Care Institution and Medical Services: Hospital and Hospice Care -- Geriatric Hospitals for the Aging Persons -- Hospice Care for the Aging Persons -- 3.4.2 The Allowance System of the Advanced Aging Persons -- 3.4.3 Long-Term Care -- 3.5 Regional and Local Government Initiatives.

This study explores the different approaches to case management within, the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration. Eight sites from around the country were selected to participate in a survey of case managers (N = 57) that evaluated their professional background and experience and how certain tasks, functions, and goals of case management were prioritized at each site. Client and caregiver outcomes were collected on a site-by-site basis as part of the demonstration. The hypothesis was that the way in which case managers performed their work would vary by site. Furthermore it was hypothesized that these differences would be measurable and correlated with project outcomes. Case managers differed significantly by site in how they prioritized tasks, functions, and goals, viewing themselves along a continuum from a clinical approach to one that emphasizes service management. These differences in case management style are reflected in between-site differences in certain client and caregiver outcomes but not others. Specifically, variations in case management style are not related to client cognitive or functional status but to other outcomes including behavioral management, caregiver burden, and service use.

The impact of social capital on philanthropy has been studied extensively, but existing research fails to measure social capital consistently and completely. Using a representative data set from the 2013 Survey on Philanthropic Behaviors of Urban Citizens in China, this study first expanded existing social capital measurements to be more comprehensive, consisting of civic networks, norms of reciprocity, institutional trust, acquaintance trust, and stranger trust. Tobit regression and Heckman selection model were then used to explore the impact of social capital on philanthropy in China. Regression analyses indicate that civic network, norms of reciprocity, institutional trust, and stranger trust are positively associated with both volunteering and giving in the Chinese context. In addition, acquaintance trust is negatively correlated with giving, but has no significant association with volunteering. These findings provide insights to better understanding the complex relationship between social capital and philanthropy, especially in non-Western contexts.

Using evidence from the Wenchuan earthquake (12 May 2008) in China, this article examines the impact of disaster on the functioning of China's social protection system. The article examines the social protection system and the recipients of social protection. It presents four main findings: (1) the impact of the disaster on the social protection system itself was considerable; (2) the system was able to cope fairly successfully with the enormous demands created by the earthquake by a surge of resource utilisation; (3) there was an alarming rate of burnout and possible degradation in capabilities after several months, which may affect the effectiveness of the reconstruction stage, and (4) the demands of the public for perfect equality of treatment has hindered targeting of resources, but also simplified the operation at the relief stage. The article concludes with tentative proposals as to the nature of the institutional resilience expressed in the surge. (IDS Bulletin/GIGA)