Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the determinants of China's defense expenditure over the period 1960—1999, and two sub-samples before and after transition for 1960—1980 and 1981— 1999, applying official Chinese data and SIPRI Yearbook data. An empirical econometric model is set up on the basis of standard neo-classical theory. The empirical results suggest that earlier defense expenditure, changes in the strategy environment, and GDP are major determinants of China's defense expenditure on the long run. For the split periods, the national security environment, economic factor, and earlier defense expenditure are the main determining factors prior to 1981, but earlier defense expenditure is the main determinant after 1981 (when official Chinese data are used). The impact of Taiwanese military spending on Mainland China's demand for defense expenditure was not statistically significant.

The subject of this book is to reveal the formation process of circulation structure centering on vegetable wholesale market in western cities of China. The data are mainly from the interview and survey on farmers, vegetable wholesalers and retailers and operators of vegetable wholesale markets. The findings of the research show that the large vegetable production bases in eastern economically developed regions place stress on local vegetable circulation through wholesale markets, which results in the change in circulation channel in vegetable wholesale markets in western cities, namely, the c

The subject of this book is to reveal the formation process of circulation structure centering on vegetable wholesale market in western cities of China. The data are mainly from the interview and survey on farmers, vegetable wholesalers and retailers, and operators of vegetable wholesale markets. The findings of the research show that the large vegetable production bases in eastern economically developed regions place stress on local vegetable circulation through wholesale markets, which results in the change in circulation channel in vegetable wholesale markets in western cities, namely, the circulation channel focusing on local vegetable has been shifted to non-local vegetables. The readers will get inspiration from the book that circulation channels have boasted a significance to the small vegetable bases surrounding the cities.

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly under pressure to tackle social and environmental challenges using innovative approaches that benefit both companies and society. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the relevant research on the intersection of CSR and innovation since 1996. Through a bibliometric analysis and literature review of 1362 articles, the study identifies three distinct stages in the evolution of this dual theme: an infancy stage (1996–2005), a rapid growth stage (2006–2015), and an explosive growth stage (2016‐present). By analyzing the studies, subfields, and theories in each stage, we identify the approaches and challenges in CSR innovation research. Notably, digital organizational culture, sensitivity analysis, and social enterprise have emerged as current major concerns, while sustainable development and analysis methods have emerged as challenges in addressing CSR innovation. Based on these findings, we propose several future research opportunities for CSR innovation research.

We construct a new measure to capture corporate political connections, which is based on the amount a corporation spends on socializing with government officials. We examine the validity of this measure using the exogenous turnover of top local officials and find that firms increase their political networking expenditures when top local officials are replaced. Compared to state-owned enterprises (SOEs), non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) react more aggressively to changes in local officials, which implies that non-SOEs have stronger incentives to build political connections with officials through social intercourse. We also find that firms located in regions with low levels of marketization react more aggressively to the turnover of local politicians. In addition, we find a positive effect of corporate political socializing expenditures on corporate performance and valuation, which suggests that political connections built through social intercourse benefit corporations.