Improving impact toughness of high-C–Cr bearing steel by Si–Mo alloying and low-temperature austempering
In: Materials and design, Band 86, S. 215-220
ISSN: 1873-4197
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In: Materials and design, Band 86, S. 215-220
ISSN: 1873-4197
In: Developmental science, Band 25, Heft 6
ISSN: 1467-7687
AbstractThe development of skills related to executive function (EF) in infancy, including their emergence, underlying neural mechanisms, and interconnections to other cognitive skills, is an area of increasing research interest. Here, we report on findings from a multidimensional dataset demonstrating that infants' behavioral performance on a flexible learning task improved across development and that the task performance is highly correlated with both neural structure and neural function. The flexible learning task probed infants' ability to learn two different associations, concurrently, over 16 trials, requiring multiple skills relevant to EF. We examined infants' neural structure by measuring myelin density in the brain, using a novel macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping method. We further examined an important neural function of speech processing by characterizing the mismatch response (MMR) to speech contrasts using magnetoencephalography (MEG). All measurements were performed longitudinally in monolingual English‐learning infants at 7‐ and 11‐months of age. At the group level, 11‐month‐olds, but not 7‐month‐olds, demonstrated evidence of learning both associations in the behavioral task. Myelin density in the prefrontal region at 7 months of age was found to be highly predictive of behavioral task performance at 11 months of age, suggesting that myelination may support the development of these skills. Furthermore, a machine‐learning regression analysis revealed that individual differences in the behavioral task are predicted by concurrent neural speech processing at both ages, suggesting that these skills do not develop in isolation. Together, these cross‐modality results revealed novel insights into EF‐related skills.Highlight
Monolingual infants demonstrated flexible learning on a task requiring executive function skills at 11 months, but not at 7 months.
Infants' myelin density at 7 months is highly predictive of their behavioral performance in the flexible learning task at 11 months of age.
Individual differences in the flexible learning task performance are also correlated with concurrent neural processing of speech at both ages.
In: Advances in applied ceramics: structural, functional and bioceramics, Band 113, Heft 6, S. 367-371
ISSN: 1743-6761
In: Advances in applied ceramics: structural, functional and bioceramics, Band 112, Heft 5, S. 301-305
ISSN: 1743-6761
This is the final version. Available on open access from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record ; Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. ; This essay examines the policy response of the federal and regional governments in federations to the COVID-19 crisis. We theorize that the COVID-19 policy response in federations is an outcome of strategic interaction among the federal and regional incumbents in the shadow of their varying accountability for health and the repercussions from the disruptive consequences of public health measures. Using the data from the COVID-19 Public Health Protective Policy Index Project, we study how the variables suggested by our theory correlate with the overall stringency of public health measures in federations as well as the contribution of the federal government to the making of these policies. Our results suggest that the public health measures taken in federations are at least as stringent as those in non-federations, and there is a cluster of federations on which a bulk of crisis policy making is carried by subnational governments. We find that the contribution of the federal government is, on average, higher in parliamentary systems; it appears to decline with the proximity of the next election in presidential republics, and to increase with the fragmentation of the legislative party system in parliamentary systems. Our analysis also suggests that when the federal government carries a significant share of responsibility for healthcare provision, it also tends to play a higher role in taking non-medical steps in response to the pandemic.
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This the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this record ; Data Records: We have created a Github repository (https://github.com/COVID-policy-response-lab/PPI-data) to store the datasets with the Public Health Protective Policy Index and its components. A copy of the included datafiles, as described below, was deposited with openICPSR15. It presently requires creating an account with the depository. Data access is free. Data location is at https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/123401. The datasets are stored as csv files with five types of layouts. "PPI_country_m1.csv" is a file with country-level aggregates of region-level PPIs, computed using method 1, and their components. Each row corresponds to a country-date. The rows are identified using the country name (cname), numeric and 2-letter ISO 3166-1 codes (isocode and isoabbr respectively), as well as a date variable. The names of the policy variables contain four components: the name of the broader category, the name of the category, the level of issuing government ("nat" refers to the national policies, "reg" refers to the subnational policies, and "tot" refers to the combination of national and subnational policies), as well as suffix "ave". For example, the average Total PPI is denoted as "ppi.all.tot.ave", and the average stringency of the closures of air borders by the national government is denoted as "borders.air_bord.nat.ave". See the codebook for the complete list of variables. "PPI_country_m2.csv" is a file with country-level aggregates of region-level PPIs, computed using method 2, and their components. The identifying variables and the naming convention for the policy variables is the same as in "PPI_country_m1.csv", with the addition of suffix "0.2" at the end of the policy variable names. "PPI_regions_XX_m1.csv" (replace XX with the 2-letter ISO 3166-1 country codes) are country-specific files with region-specific PPIs, computed using method 1, and their components. The identifying variables include ...
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Using the data sets taken at center-of-mass energies above 4 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, we search for the reaction e(+)e(-) -> gamma(ISR) X(3872) -> gamma(ISR)pi(+)pi(-) J/psi via the Initial State Radiation technique. The production of a resonance with quantum numbers J(PC) = 1(++) such as the X(3872) via single photon e(+)e(-) annihilation is forbidden, but is allowed by a next-to-leading order box diagram. We do not observe a significant signal of X(3872), and therefore give an upper limit for the electronic width times the branching fraction Gamma B-X(3872)(ee)(X(3872) -> pi(+)pi(-) J/psi) < 0.13 eVat the 90% confidence level. This measurement improves upon existing limits by a factor of 46. Using the same final state, we also measure the electronic width of the psi(3686) to be Gamma(psi)(ee)(3686) ee = 2213 +/- 18(stat) +/- 99(sys) eV. ; Funding: The BESIII collaboration thanks the staff of BEPCII and the IHEP computing center for their strong support. This work is supported in part by the National Key Basic Research Program of China under Contract No. 2015CB856700; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Contract Nos. 11125525, 11235011, 11322544, 11335008, 11425524; the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program; Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS under Contract Nos. 11179007, U1232201, U1332201; CAS under Contract Nos. KJCX2-YW-N29, KJCX2-YW-N45; 100 Talents Program of CAS; INPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; German Research Foundation DFG under Contract No. CRC-1044; Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union under Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship Grant Agreement No. 627240; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Ministry of Development of Turkey under Contract No. DPT2006K-120470; Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Contract No. 14-07-91152; U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-04ER41291, DE-FG02-05ER41374, DE-FG02-94ER40823, DESC0010118; U.S. National Science Foundation; University of Groningen (RuG) and the Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt; WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract No. R32-2008-000-10155-0.
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Department of Energy (United States of America) ; National Science Foundation (United States of America) ; Australian Research Council (Australia) ; National Council for the Development of Science and Technology ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (China) ; Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Colombia) ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic) ; Academy of Finland (Finland) ; Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ; National Center for Scientific Research/National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (France) ; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (Germany) ; Department of Atomic Energy (India) ; Department of Science and Technology (India) ; Science Foundation Ireland (Ireland) ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (National Institute for Nuclear Physics) (Italy) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan) ; Korean World Class University Program ; National Research Foundation (Korea) ; National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico) ; Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands) ; National Science Council (Republic of China) ; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation ; National Research Center Kurchatov Institute of the Russian Federation ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Russia) ; Slovak R&D Agency (Slovakia) ; Ministry of Science and Innovation ; Consolider-Ingenio Program (Spain) ; Swedish Research Council (Sweden) ; Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland) ; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Ukraine) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Royal Society (United Kingdom) ; A. P. Sloan Foundation (United States of America) ; European Union community Marie Curie Fellowship ; European Union community Marie Curie Fellowship: 302103 ; Drell-Yan lepton pairs produced in the process p (p) over bar -> l(+)l(-) + X through an intermediate gamma*/Z boson have an asymmetry in their angular distribution related to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak force and the associated mixing of its neutral gauge bosons. The CDF and D0 experiments have measured the effective-leptonic electroweak mixing parameter sin(2) theta(lept)(eff) using electron and muon pairs selected from the full Tevatron proton-antiproton data sets collected in 2001-2011, corresponding to 9-10 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The combination of these measurements yields the most precise result from hadron colliders, sin(2)theta(lept)(eff) = 0.23148 +/- 0.00033. This result is consistent with, and approaches in precision, the best measurements from electron-positron colliders. The standard model inference of the on-shell electroweak mixing parameter sin(2) theta(W), or equivalently the W-boson mass M-W, using the ZFITTER software package yields sin(2) theta(W) = 0.22324 +/- 0.00033 or equivalently, M-W = 80.367 +/- 0.017 GeV/c(2).
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Department of Energy ; National Science Foundation (U.S.A.) ; Australian Research Council (Australia) ; National Council for the Development of Science and Technology ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; European Union community Marie Curie Fellowship Contract ; European Union community Marie Curie Fellowship Contract: 302103 ; : DE-AC02-07CH11359 ; The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is A(FB)(t (t) over bar) = 0.128 +/- 0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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