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This article explores the applicability of the model developed by Chourabi et al. (2012) to the urban reality of Shanghai, China. The eight variables of the model: 1) governance and public urban planning 2) management and organization 3) technology 4) policy context 5) people and communities 6) economy 7) built-in infrastructure, 8) and natural environment, are examined against the Shanghai case. The findings are that for Shanghai the smart city plan inherits a process of transformation in place from the beginning of 1990sin four areas of public policy: governance, technology, built-in infrastructure and economy. The smart city plan, however, develops specificities for management and organization and shows a built-in capacity to develop a favorable policy context with the central government more recently. We have found a limited scope for people and communities and the natural environment shaping changes which are so-called smart. The framework applied allows us to show the significant role that the local government plays in the city through public policy. This framework contributes to extend the scope of comparative urban theory and analysis beyond the western world, in the East Asian context, allowing further comparison across cities. Final results might be used to complete new research programs, as we conclude. ; Este artículo explora la utilidad del modelo desarrollado por Chourabi et al. (2012) para explicar la realidad urbana de Shanghai en China. Se examinan las ocho variables incluidas en el modelo, para el caso de la ciudad de Shanghai: 1) gobernanza y planificación urbana, 2) gestión y organización, 3) tecnología, 4) contexto político, 5) personas y comunidades, 6) economía, 7) infraestructura construida y 8) medio ambiente. Los resultados destacan que para Shanghai, el plan de ciudad inteligente es heredero de un proceso de transformación que tiene lugar desde comienzos de la década de 1990 en cuatro áreas de políticas públicas: gobernanza, tecnología, infraestructura construida y economía. El plan de Shanghai ciudad inteligente es peculiar para la variable gestión y organización y muestra capacidad para desarrollar un contexto político favorable respecto al gobierno central. Sin embargo, se encuentran limitaciones en la capacidad de cambio que inducen las variables personas y comunidades y medio ambiente. El modelo contribuye a ampliar la aplicación de la teoría y el análisis urbano comparado más allá de casos en Europa occidental y Norteamérica, al contexto de Asia, permitiendo ampliar la comparación entre ciudades. Se concluye avanzado que los resultados alcanzados pueden ser punto de partida para completar nuevos programas de investigación.

With the accelerated iteration of global electronic and electrical product updates, the demand for electronic and electrical products presents a new trend in which the life cycle of electronic and electrical products is shortened. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) products pose a great threat to the global ecological environment, and solving this problem is urgent. Therefore, governments around the world have formulated funding policies for WEEE products, which has led to continuous improvements in such policies. Along these lines, we adopt the circular economy concept, extended producer responsibility theory and life cycle assessment method to comparatively analyse and compare the different fund operation modes in China, Germany, Japan and The Netherlands. In addition, based on the data related to fund policy implementation, we point out the problems in the development of the WEEE industry in China. The analysis results show that although China is the largest WEEE market, it is still in the initial stage and lags behind Western countries in efficiency and cost management. Then, taking as an example 'Go Green', an O2O classified recycling platform launched in 2005, this paper performs an extended analysis of the "Internet +" recycling model, which was proposed as a WEEE fund operation solution in China. Finally, we discuss the economic impact of this study on the future implementation and valuation of WEEE fund policy.

AbstractAs the severity of global climate change escalates, carbon peak and carbon neutrality have emerged as international imperatives. Green taxation, a crucial fiscal strategy promoting the transition to a green low-carbon economy, demands thorough investigation regarding its efficacy and operational mechanisms. Predominantly, existing research has concentrated on the macroeconomic implications of green taxes, while their influence on regional green growth and innovation remains underexplored. This paper delineates green taxation in both a broad and narrow sense, elucidating its essence and potential in stimulating regional green progress and innovation. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China spanning 2004 to 2021, a bidirectional fixed-effects model was developed for empirical analysis. Moreover, an impact mechanism model was constructed to delve into how green taxation specifically affects regional green development and innovation. Findings reveal that green taxation significantly fosters regional green growth and markedly enhances green innovation. Nonetheless, due to the resource crowding-out effect, it adversely impacts the comprehensive innovation capabilities of regional enterprises. This insight offers a fresh perspective on the paradoxical effects of green taxation, underscoring the necessity for a balanced approach in policy design and implementation. Drawing on these conclusions, the paper presents tailored policy recommendations.

Using 2006 General Social Survey data, the authors compare levels of segregation by race and along other dimensions of potential social cleavage in the contemporary United States. Americans are not as isolated as the most extreme recent estimates suggest. However, hopes that "bridging" social capital is more common in broader acquaintanceship networks than in core networks are not supported. Instead, the entire acquaintanceship network is perceived by Americans to be about as segregated as the much smaller network of close ties. People do not always know the religiosity, political ideology, family behaviors, or socioeconomic status of their acquaintances, but perceived social divisions on these dimensions are high, sometimes rivaling racial segregation in acquaintanceship networks. The major challenge to social integration today comes from the tendency of many Americans to isolate themselves from others who differ on race, political ideology, level of religiosity, and other salient aspects of social identity.