Suchergebnisse

Melvin Gurtov ; Byong-Moo Hwang: China under threat: the politics of strategy and diplomacy. - Baltimore/Md, 1981 + J. D. Armstrong: Revolutionary diplomacy: Chinese foreign policy and the United front doctrine. - Berkeley/Cal., 1977

The authors of the two volumes under review present different approaches to an analysis of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China. Gurtov and Hwang stress the importance of national interest and the interaction of domestic factors and foreign policy; they make a connection between China's sensitivity to external threat and its reaction to it, especially at times of domestic political weakness. Armstrong asserts that ideology has played a major role in Chinese foreign policy making. In both volumes, case studies are cited to support the authors' hypotheses. The article concludes that national interest is the principal factor determining the foreign policy of the PRC. Mao Zedong's thought continues to play an important role in Chinese thinking; it is concerned with domestic economic and social change and not with the internal affairs of other countries.

AbstractTourism integration is a trend in regional tourism economic development and cultural integration. Tourism economic linkages greatly influence regional tourism integration, becoming progressively obvious with the strength of linkages. However, their influence on regions with rich tourism resources and underdeveloped economies are understudied. This article takes the national tourism resources above 3A level in the Poyang Lake region, Jiangxi Province, as the research object, analysing the evolution of regional tourism economic linkages and the development process of tourism integration in the past 17 years by constructing a new gravity model of regional tourism economic linkages and research methods of transportation network accessibility. The results show that the evolution of regional tourism economic linkages and the accessibility of transportation networks significantly impact regional tourism economies and tourism integration evolution. The evolution process of regional tourism development had different stage models; four theoretical models of regional tourism integration evolution were extracted: point‐core model, point‐axis corridor model, multi‐centre ring‐axis model, and network integration model. The construction of the new regional tourism economic linkages model and the proposal of the evolutionary model for tourism integration provide references for study and for formulating the sustainable development of regional tourism integration locally and abroad.

Noroviruses (NVs) are important causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans, but the role of NVs as a cause of diseases in the Chinese people, particularly in Chinese military personnel, remains unclear. This study investigated antibody prevalence and factors that associate with the prevalence of antibody to NVs among students attending a military medical university. Serum specimens were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G antibody to recombinant capsid antigens of three NVs (rNorwalk, rMxV, and rVA387). Of 588 serum samples tested, the antibody prevalence was 88.9, 54.1, or 90.0% for the three antigens, respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence of antibody to rMxV between blood types (P < 0.05); the prevalence for type O was the highest (62.5%), and the prevalence for type B was the lowest (49.1%). The average optical density values for antibody to rNorwalk and rMxV were lowest among students with type B. The number of students who did not have antibody to any of the three antigens was the highest for blood type B (6.9%) compared to other blood types (0.8 to 3.4% [P < 0.006]). The antibody prevalence also varied with the hometown residencies of the students before joining the military, with the highest rates for students from rural areas, lower rates for students from small towns or villages, and the lowest rates for students from large cities. The numbers of students who did not have antibody to any of the three antigens were highest for students from the large cities, lower for students from small towns or villages, and lowest for students from rural areas. The distribution of ABO blood types did not differ among the three groups. These data suggest that NVs are prevalent in China and that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in NV infection.