Suchergebnisse

In the article mysticism is considered as a multidimensional phenomenon in the unity of four dimensions that make up its universal beginning. The onto­logical dimension of mysticism forms a world picture in which the world is re­garded as the Whole and One. Mystical experience is always an experience of unity, as a result of which social and biological time slows down, space loses its multidimensionality and hierarchy. The epistemological dimension of mysti­cism presupposes the development of an irrational mystical and intuitive cogni­tion that forms an integral picture of the world and overcomes the subjective and objective attitude to it. An enlightening consciousness and the experience of mystic light are the results. The anthropological (psychological) dimension of mysticism means overcoming self-centered consciousness through a series of psycho-prac­tices which is dangerous outside the mystical context. Mystical experience develops higher needs, feeling of love, compassion, joy, gratitude. There is a change in the existential state of man. The social and historical dimension characterizes mysticism as a phenomenon that was developed from an ascetic form to an integration one, balancing between "moving away from the world" and "returning to the world". It possesses powerful resources of influence on so­ciety and at the present stage should affirm the significance of both the transcen­dental and material worlds, help humanity understand their close relationship and the danger of their opposition. Each dimension of mysticism must be consid­ered in close connection with modern scientific picture of the world.

The comparative analysis of philosophical and mystical culture and the modern consumer society is realized in the article. The philosophical and mystical cul­ture reveals the spiritual essence of man, develops awareness, willpower and the highest spiritual qualities of the personality. The society of consumption dis­torts the essence of man, develops over-consumption, consumerism, escapism, transmutes a person into a thing. Mankind is in a state of choice, at the point of bifurcation, which determines the future of civilization. The philosophical and mystical worldview underlies idealistic and ideational cultures, which should re­place the modern sensual culture (the terms of P. Sorokin)

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the formation and develop­ment of the magical and mystical traditions in Russian culture, from the era of Ancient Rus' to the present. In the culture of Ancient Russia the dominant was the magical consciousness, generated by the belief in the man's ability to influ­ence the material world with the help of certain rituals. The penetration of mysti­cism in the form of Orthodox hesychasm as the doctrine of the "deification" of man began with the adoption of Christianity. Hesychasm becomes the moral core of Russian culture thanks to the efforts of the holy ascetics, who affirm the values of love and national unity. Mysticism, being a set of practices aimed at re­structuring consciousness, requires hard work and efforts from a person. The do­mestic mystical tradition in the 19th and 20th centuries was supplanted by West­ern European mysticism, occultism and magic. Magic is always practical, utilitarian and aimed at achieving specific human needs. The consciousness of a modern person remains basically magical.