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International security weighs heavily in the management of outer space territory, especially with the increasing use of satellites in telecommunications & warfare, but faces serious challenges. Recent technological developments & the controversial US plan to dominate outer space are examined. The development of dual-use space technology means that military use of space has more potential. As the US builds up its space capabilities, competition among the major powers in these technologies is reemerging, but existing international agreements fall short of addressing space security. The US appears to be seeking absolute security for itself by developing its space military technologies, but the US cannot monopolize space nor provide absolute security. It is argued that the most desirable way to maintain space security is for the entire international community to ban the weaponization of space through a legally binding document. M. Pflum

In a detailed analysis of the Cold War situation as seen from China the authors characterize the situation as stable, but they criticize the two superpowers in that era for working only to maintain the stability of their armed standoff rather than to end the reasons for it. In considering the present situation they caution against rapid change &, in particular, the discarding of the ABM treaty, acknowledging that China drew considerable strategic benefit for its small nuclear forces from the absence of effective anti-ballistic missile systems. In the final section of the paper they state a preference for a system where there is no reliance on deterrence but where nuclear weapons are removed from the security situation by strong commitments to 'no first use' & by rapid progress to nuclear disarmament. 2 Figures. Adapted from the source document.

Purpose– While having "more" in life seems to have a positive impact on consumers' well-being, the role of how satisfied consumers need to be with this "more" before it is able to enhance their well-being is not clear. This study aims to examine an integrated model of the mediating effect of satisfaction on the relationship between objective life circumstances and subjective well-being.Design/methodology/approach– The new model proposed is tested by using data obtained from British Household Panel Survey. A fixed-effects econometric model is estimated using Stata 10 to identify the mediating effect of satisfaction with life circumstances on the relationship between life circumstances and well-being.Findings– The results show that objective circumstances affect well-being primarily through the mediating effect of satisfaction with corresponding life domains irrespective of the level of objective circumstances. However, this mediating effect varies by life domain and cannot be generalized.Practical implications– The implications for public policy makers are that intervention policies that improve the three life domains of health, leisure and housing will effectively enhance consumers' well-being. Meanwhile, government should also allocate more resources to increase consumers' positive thinking to help them to improve their well-being.Originality/value– This is the first study to examine the mediating effect of subjective satisfaction on the effect of objective circumstances on well-being across six life domains.