Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe ground‐borne vibration generated by moving trains has become an important environmental problem. Research on mitigation measures has been uninterrupted for decades and has continued to grow rapidly in recent years with the emergence of metamaterial approaches. In this paper, to make relevant newcomers and researchers better understand the development status of mitigation measures in reducing train‐induced ground‐borne vibrations, a brief review is given of the background of train‐induced ground vibration problems, and the design mechanisms of train‐induced ground vibration mitigation measures based on metamaterials. Meanwhile, the results from state‐of‐the‐art research and practice are presented and discussed for each metamaterial mitigation measure for train‐induced ground vibration mitigation. Finally, the existing problems in previous research and future research prospects are summarized.

OBJECTIVES: This study analyses the clinical features and direct medical cost (DMC) of splenic injury during 2000–2013 in China. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: We used 'The No. 1 Military Medical Project' information system to conduct a retrospective study. Patients' information from 2000 to 2013 were identified. Demographic data, treatment, clinical data and DMC were collected. We performed a generalised linear method (GLM) using gamma distribution to assess the drivers of DMCs. RESULTS: We included 8083 patients with splenic injury who met the study criteria. Over the 14-year study period, 2782 (34.4%) patients were treated with non-operative management (NOM), 5301 (65.6%) with OM. From 2000 to 2013, the rate of NOM increased from 34.7% to 55.9%, while OM decreased from 65.3% to 44.1%. Mean per-patient DMC in both NOM and OM increased from 2000 to 2013. In GLM analysis, male, old age, length of stay, severe splenic injury grade, OM, intensive care unit, blood transfusion and tertiary hospitals were associated with higher DMC, while female and NOM was associated with lower DMC. CONCLUSIONS: In China, management of splenic injury was the most important factor impacting the total DMC. Proper management and public policy could curtail the burden of splenic injury.