Suchergebnisse

Gramscian scholars have engaged with Gramsci's leitmotif ('rhythm of thought') and the stato integrale (integral state), a concept he introduced in Autumn 1930. This represents remarkable progress in the Marxist community. But what requires further attention is the interconnection between an integral state and a totalitarian one, two of the three expressions of state-society formations that Perry Anderson identified as Gramsci's antinomies. This article argues that the integral state is fragile but hegemonic if it can be sustained. Otherwise, it can degenerate into a totalitarian state. The article refigures the 'integral state' as the 'integral state-society'. It exists relatively, depending on whether the 'integral momentum' or the 'totalitarian tendency' prevails in a dynamic interaction between radical Left, Far Right, and those currents in between. Identifying this relativity helps to formulate a deeper understanding of Gramsci's thought and show how his legacy supports a class struggle perspective on the COVID-19 interregnum.

Economic relation is an important aspect of international relations. This book provides a comprehensive and systematic examination of China's external economic relations, offering an up-to-date and well-informed account of its history and development, characteristics, problems, and prospects, focusing on aspects such as China's openness, external trade and Foreign Direct Investment. China's economic relations with different countries and regions of the world are also analyzed in detail.

The inverted pendulum system has great potential for various engineering applications, and its stabilization is challenging because of its unstable characteristic. The well-known Kapitza's pendulum adopts the parametrically excited oscillation to stabilize itself, which generally requires a complex controller. In this paper, self-sustained oscillation is utilized to stabilize an inverted pendulum, which is made of a V-shaped, optically responsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) bar under steady illumination. Based on the well-established dynamic LCE model, a theoretical model of the LCE inverted pendulum is formulated, and numerical calculations show that it always develops into the unstable static state or the self-stabilized oscillation state. The mechanism of the self-stabilized oscillation originates from the reversal of the gravity moment of the inverted pendulum accompanied with its own movement. The critical condition for triggering self-stabilized oscillation is fully investigated, and the effects of the system parameters on the stability of the inverted pendulum are explored. The self-stabilized inverted pendulum does not need an additional controller and offers new designs of self-stabilized inverted pendulum systems for potential applications in robotics, military industry, aerospace, and other fields.

This article uses quantile regression to shed light on the complex relationship between foreign competition and innovation activities. Quantile regression is more powerful than classical linear regression since quantile regression can produce estimates for all conditional quantiles of the distribution of the innovation activities variable, whereas classical linear regression only estimates the conditional mean effects. The empirical evidence shows that the effect of foreign competition on make innovation activities is different across the conditional quantiles of the distribution of innovation activities, something classical linear regression would leave unidentified. This finding suggests that estimating the quantile effect of innovation activities variable can well be more insightful than effect. Additionally, this article finds a U-shaped relationship between foreign competition and make innovation activities.