Suchergebnisse

the agitations of citizens of poor developmental programs of District Assemblies failure of budget preparation and implementation. This has warranted the need to identify the various factors and challenges affecting district Assemblies budget. We assessed the factors affecting budget preparation and challenges affecting budget implementation of local assemblies in Ghana. The sample comprises 140 respondents from selected municipal, metropolitan and district assemblies in Ghana. We analyzed the data obtained through statistical package for social science (SPSS) with the use of structured questionnaires. We find negative relationship between budget preparation and the factor variables. This means that, all the factor variables (delays in submission of inputs from other departments, inadequate funds to carry out the exercise unrealistic demands from department, outdated revenue data, difficulty in budget preparation) are negatively related to budget preparation of MMDAs in Ghana. Interestingly, the effect is significant. We find a statistical significant negative effect of budget implementation and the challenging factors. Additional analyses supports the findings obtained

Background: Economic development and social environment changes influence disease patterns ranging from infectious diseases to noncommunicable diseases, and diabetes is one of the seven causes leading to death and disability in Vietnam.Objectives: The purpose of this research is to present an overview of the challenges related to diabetes prevention in Vietnam and to find effective ways for the prevention and control of diabetes, as well as to improve the quality of life among diabetes patients.Methods: The literature review was conducted using a variety of databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Vietnamese data sources, and papers published in the Vietnamese language. For the searches, we used keywords such as "Diabetes," "Prevention," and "Prevalence of Diabetes."Findings and Conclusions: With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, there are approximately 5.76 million people with diabetes currently living in Vietnam. The age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes in the population of Vietnam was approximately 6% in 2017. This review suggests that the government needs to establish social security and policy programs aimed at reducing social risk factors and the burden of healthcare costs for diabetes treatment in older people. In addition, attention should be paid to the management and control of diabetes-related diseases, with an emphasis on new techniques for early diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneously, the health system should ensure that diabetes patients living in rural areas and belonging to ethnic minorities can access better healthcare services to improve their health and decrease their risk for chronic disease and death.

This paper highlights the issues facing the public administration of the Government of Pakistan by correlating public trust with multiple demographic variables. The aim was to determine the strength of the relationship between trust and demographic variables. A questionnaire distributed to the general public was used to judge the strength of the relationship between trust in government and different demographic indicators. Cross tabulation was used to give a better description of the data. Different measures of cross tabulation were used to determine the strength of the relationship between the variables. The performance on each variable was correlated with trust not only to determine the strength of the relationship between each demographic variable and trust, specifically for Pakistan but also to highlight areas where administrative performance was lacking. The results showed that similar to research done in other countries most of the factors mentioned in literature, such as income and religion did have a strong relationship with trust, however, age seemed not to have a significant relationship with trust in Pakistan. The research provides a general framework which will help increase trust of the public in the government, which is of utmost important to improve the ability of the Pakistani public administration to deliver goods and services to the general public.

This paper highlights the issues facing the public administration of the Government of Pakistan by correlating public trust with multiple demographic variables. The aim was to determine the strength of the relationship between and trust and demographic variables. A questionnaires distributed to the general public was used to judge the strength of the relationship between trust in government and different demographic indicators. Cross tabulation was used to give a better description of the data. Different measures of cross tabulation were used to determine the strength of the relationship between the variables. The performance on each variable was correlated with trust not only to determine the strength of the relationship between each demographic variable and trust, specifically for Pakistan but also to highlight areas where administrative performance was lacking. The results showed that similar to research done in other countries most of the factors mentioned in literature, such as income and religion did have a strong relationship with trust, however, age seemed not to have a significant relationship with trust in Pakistan. The research provides a general framework which will help increase trust of the public in the government, which is of utmost important to improve the ability of the Pakistani public administration to deliver goods and services to the general public.

The progress of healthcare expenses is a striking issue for emerging nations. This is because an uncontrolled increase in healthcare expenses can push the nations to extreme poverty. The study examined the association between public health costs and macro-economic indicators within the emerging economies. Data for the study is extracted from the World Bank World Development Indicators for twenty-one (21) emerging countries spanning from 2000 to 2018. The generalized method of moments (GMM) and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test are employed in the analysis of the study. The main findings of the study demonstrate that tax revenue and labor force participation increase public health expenses and inflation, on the other hand, showed a declining relationship. The study further reveals a u-shaped association between public health expenditure and economic growth. The interactive term between research and development and mortality rate of non-communicable diseases, reveal an increasing relationship. The study establishes that, among all the three models estimated, tax revenue, labor force participation and GDP per capita have positive effects on public health costs. Based on the findings, the study recommends governments to embark on policies that improve economic growth and tax revenue as well as stabilizing inflation. These strategic policies could boost public healthcare expenditure since it has a strong association with macroeconomic indicators.