Suchergebnisse

In contrast to other modern famines, the massive mortality caused by the famine during Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) and its aftermath is relatively unnoticed. Recording oral histories of ordinary survivors, now in the last stages of their lives, this paper documents how rural Chinese coped with the famine. The central questions will be how individuals and community mediated traditional practices with public health advice. What/how did they eat? How does the devastation of famine survive in cultural memory and continue to structure everyday life in the countryside? It will describe ordinary people's survival strategies and responses to state policies and political indoctrination. The paper will shift focus from dry statistics to lived experience, most poignantly for women and children. Intentionally eliciting family knowledge and practice of healing and nutrition, this paper will use Chinese obsession with food talk, their remedies and recipes, to explore and record vivid accounts of those difficult years. Villagers were forced to sacrifice their homes/ possessions to build socialist collectives, but today many survivors are left without home, health care and sometimes food, despite an economic boom in the cities. ; link_to_OA_fulltext

From a simple idea to unite asset owners in their quest for responsible investment (RI) at its launch in April 2006, the United Nations supported Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) have grown in just one decade into an initiative with more than 1500 fee-paying signatories. Jointly, the PRI's signatories hold assets worth more than $80 trillion, making it one of the more prevalent not-for-profit organizations worldwide. Furthermore, the PRI's ambitious mission to transform the financial system at large into a more sustainable one makes it a worthwhile subject of inquiry from an institutional perspective. We undertake an empirical investigation of the adoption of the PRI by asset owners during five crucial years of the association's emergence: 2007–2011. Following a tripartite view of institutional theory proposed by Scott (Institutions and organizations. Foundations for organizational science, A Sage Publication Series, London, 1995), we explore if regulative, normative, and cultural–cognitive factors influence an asset owner's decision to subscribe to the PRI. Applying both parametric and non-parametric survival analysis, we find that asset owners are indeed significantly affected by normative, cultural–cognitive, and regulative aspects. In particular, (i) public service employee and labor union pension funds (ii) from social backgrounds more culturally aligned with values represented by the RI movement (iii) with historically more voluntary legislation on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues are most likely to sign the PRI. In contrast, institutional environments with a higher number of pre-existing mandatory ESG regulation decrease the likelihood of signing the PRI. Our results indicate that normative and cultural–cognitive factors were crucial contributors to the PRI's growth. With respect to the regulative environments, our results imply that some asset owners may use the PRI as a collective industry initiative to substitute for mandatory legislation. Conversely, a high level of ...

Focuses on the creation and establishment of critical theory system in China. Application of imported critical approaches and theoretical formulations; Distortion of Euramerican critical theories; Identification of traditional Chinese criticism; Inseparability of criticism and politics. ; published_or_final_version

In recent years, great disasters happen now and then. Disaster management test the emergency operation ability of the government and society all over the world. Immediately after the occurrence of a great disaster (e.g., earthquake), a massive nationwide rescue and relief operation need to be kicked off instantly. In order to improve the organizations efficiency of the emergency rescue, the organizers need to take charge of the information of the rescuer teams, including the real time location, the equipment with the team, the technical skills of the rescuers, and so on. One of the key factors for the success of emergency operations is the real time location of the rescuers dynamically. Real time tracking methods are used to track the professional rescuer teams now. But volunteers' participation play more and more important roles in great disasters. However, real time tracking of the volunteers will cause many problems, e.g., privacy leakage, expensive data consumption, etc. These problems may reduce the enthusiasm of volunteers' participation for catastrophe rescue. In fact, the great disaster is just small probability event, it is not necessary to track the volunteers (even rescuer teams) every time every day. In order to solve this problem, a ground moving target emergency tracking method for catastrophe rescue is presented in this paper. In this method, the handheld devices using GPS technology to provide the location of the users, e.g., smart phone, is used as the positioning equipment; an emergency tracking information database including the ID of the ground moving target (including the rescuer teams and volunteers), the communication number of the handheld devices with the moving target, and the usually living region, etc., is built in advance by registration; when catastrophe happens, the ground moving targets that living close to the disaster area will be filtered by the usually living region; then the activation short message will be sent to the selected ground moving target through the communication number of the handheld devices. The handheld devices receive and identify the activation short message, and send the current location information to the server. Therefore, the emergency tracking mode is triggered. The real time location of the filtered target can be shown on the organizer's screen, and the organizer can assign the rescue tasks to the rescuer teams and volunteers based on their real time location. The ground moving target emergency tracking prototype system is implemented using Oracle 11g, Visual Studio 2010 C#, Android, SMS Modem, and Google Maps API.

In recent years, great disasters happen now and then. Disaster management test the emergency operation ability of the government and society all over the world. Immediately after the occurrence of a great disaster (e.g., earthquake), a massive nationwide rescue and relief operation need to be kicked off instantly. In order to improve the organizations efficiency of the emergency rescue, the organizers need to take charge of the information of the rescuer teams, including the real time location, the equipment with the team, the technical skills of the rescuers, and so on. One of the key factors for the success of emergency operations is the real time location of the rescuers dynamically. Real time tracking methods are used to track the professional rescuer teams now. But volunteers' participation play more and more important roles in great disasters. However, real time tracking of the volunteers will cause many problems, e.g., privacy leakage, expensive data consumption, etc. These problems may reduce the enthusiasm of volunteers' participation for catastrophe rescue. In fact, the great disaster is just small probability event, it is not necessary to track the volunteers (even rescuer teams) every time every day. In order to solve this problem, a ground moving target emergency tracking method for catastrophe rescue is presented in this paper. In this method, the handheld devices using GPS technology to provide the location of the users, e.g., smart phone, is used as the positioning equipment; an emergency tracking information database including the ID of the ground moving target (including the rescuer teams and volunteers), the communication number of the handheld devices with the moving target, and the usually living region, etc., is built in advance by registration; when catastrophe happens, the ground moving targets that living close to the disaster area will be filtered by the usually living region; then the activation short message will be sent to the selected ground moving target through the communication number of the handheld devices. The handheld devices receive and identify the activation short message, and send the current location information to the server. Therefore, the emergency tracking mode is triggered. The real time location of the filtered target can be shown on the organizer's screen, and the organizer can assign the rescue tasks to the rescuer teams and volunteers based on their real time location. The ground moving target emergency tracking prototype system is implemented using Oracle 11g, Visual Studio 2010 C#, Android, SMS Modem, and Google Maps API.

China introduced employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) in 1992 purely as an employee incentive scheme. The government initiated the policy experiment on ESOPs as part of China's reform of its state-owned enterprises, and it was abruptly terminated 2. years after initiation. This policy experiment resulted in an exogenous sample of ESOPs that allows us to provide the first evidence from Chinese firms on the performance-ESOP relation. After examining a variety of performance measures, including ROA, ROE, Tobin's q, and productivity, we find little difference in performance between ESOP firms and non-ESOP firms. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. ; postprint

Yan yu is a traditional fermented fish product produced by the Dong people of Guizhou Province in southwestern China. However, despite its widespread regional consumption, little is known about the chemical characteristics and bacterial community changes involved during yan yu fermentation. Therefore, the present work assessed the changes in both the chemical and microbiota composition of yan yu during its fermentation. Glucose levels gradually decreased after an initial increase at the beginning of fermentation, whereas increase in lactic acid levels continued after 10 d of fermentation. A rapid increase in free amino acid levels was observed at the beginning, but either remained constant or slowly decreased later in the fermentation. In contrast, biogenic amine (BA), TVB-N, and TBARS levels remained low throughout the fermentation. Bacterial community analyses revealed that Lactiplantibacillus and Tetragenococcus dominated the bacterial community. Moreover, O2PLS-based correlation analysis indicated that these two genera significantly affected the chemical composition of yan yu. Furthermore, lactic acid and free amino acid contents (i.e., two major quality parameters of fermented products) were highly correlated with the occurrence of Lactiplantibacillus and Tetragenococcus. These results are expected to establish a basis for the quality improvement of traditional fermentation of yan yu.

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, it is possible to obtain continuous video data from outer space successfully. It is of great significance in military and civilian fields to detect moving objects from the remote sensing image sequence and predict their movements. In recent years, this issue has attracted more and more attention. However, researches on moving object detection and movement prediction in high-resolution remote sensing videos are still in its infancy, which is worthy of further study. In this paper, we propose a ship detection and movement prediction method based on You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) v3 and Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (SORT). Original YOLO v3 is improved by multi-frame training to fully utilize the information of continuous frames in a fusion way. The simple and practical multiple object tracking algorithm SORT is used to recognize multiple targets detected by multi-frame YOLO v3 model and obtain their coordinates. These coordinates are fitted by the least square method to get the trajectories of multiple targets. We take the derivative of each trajectory to obtain the real-time movement direction and velocity of the detected ships. Experiments are performed on multi-spectral remote sensing images selected on Google Earth, as well as real multi-spectral remote sensing videos captured by Jilin-1 satellite. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our method for moving ship detection and movement prediction. It shows a feasible way for efficient interpretation and information extraction of new remote sensing video data.

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, it is possible to obtain continuous video data from outer space successfully. It is of great significance in military and civilian fields to detect moving objects from the remote sensing image sequence and predict their movements. In recent years, this issue has attracted more and more attention. However, researches on moving object detection and movement prediction in high-resolution remote sensing videos are still in its infancy, which is worthy of further study. In this paper, we propose a ship detection and movement prediction method based on You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) v3 and Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (SORT). Original YOLO v3 is improved by multi-frame training to fully utilize the information of continuous frames in a fusion way. The simple and practical multiple object tracking algorithm SORT is used to recognize multiple targets detected by multi-frame YOLO v3 model and obtain their coordinates. These coordinates are fitted by the least square method to get the trajectories of multiple targets. We take the derivative of each trajectory to obtain the real-time movement direction and velocity of the detected ships. Experiments are performed on multi-spectral remote sensing images selected on Google Earth, as well as real multi-spectral remote sensing videos captured by Jilin-1 satellite. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our method for moving ship detection and movement prediction. It shows a feasible way for efficient interpretation and information extraction of new remote sensing video data.

Spatial data is the fundamental of borderland analysis of the geography, natural resources, demography, politics, economy, and culture. As the spatial region used in borderland researching usually covers several neighboring countries' borderland regions, the data is difficult to achieve by one research institution or government. VGI has been proven to be a very successful means of acquiring timely and detailed global spatial data at very low cost. Therefore VGI will be one reasonable source of borderland spatial data. OpenStreetMap (OSM) has been known as the most successful VGI resource. But OSM data model is far different from the traditional authoritative geographic information. Thus the OSM data needs to be converted to the scientist customized data model. With the real world changing fast, the converted data needs to be updated. Therefore, a dynamic integration method for borderland data is presented in this paper. In this method, a machine study mechanism is used to convert the OSM data model to the user data model; a method used to select the changed objects in the researching area over a given period from OSM whole world daily diff file is presented, the change-only information file with designed form is produced automatically. Based on the rules and algorithms mentioned above, we enabled the automatic (or semiautomatic) integration and updating of the borderland database by programming. The developed system was intensively tested.

Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that precipitation has a significant impact on motor vehicle crashes. Hourly weather radar data with a 4-km resolution and over 600 000 crashes from 2002 to 2012 in Iowa are used to assess the effects of precipitation on motor vehicle crashes. Using a matched pairs analysis, this study finds that the relative accident risk (RAR) across the state during the study period was 1.69 [1.66, 1.71]. However, RAR increased to as high as 3.7 [3.6, 4.0] and as low as 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] for frozen and liquid precipitation types, respectively. RAR also varied significantly by hour of the day, with RAR near 2 in the late afternoon and 1.3 during the early morning hours, suggesting an interaction effect between precipitation and traffic volume and/or density on crash risk. The study also shows that interstates and major highways tend to have higher RAR than smaller roads, and it was able to identify locations that are particularly sensitive to precipitation with regard to crashes. This study can be used to inform future studies on the effects of weather and climate change on crashes.