Suchergebnisse

The Pastureland Rehabilitation Program (PRP) has been implemented for nearly 20 years, and the lives of herders in different regions have been affected to varying degrees. The level of people's well-being could measure the success of policy. Taking Maduo County as an example, the life satisfaction of 266 Tibetan herders was investigated through a participatory questionnaire survey in July 2021. Multiple linear regression and optimal scale regression were constructed to analyze the impact of the satisfaction of different aspects of life and PRP on life satisfaction, respectively. The results show that the herders in Maduo County had relative high satisfaction in various aspects of life and overall life, and leisure and consumption were important aspects influencing life satisfaction. The relative living standard, the difficulty in borrowing and the quality of government services had a significant positive impact on herders' life satisfaction. Occupation and migration location also led to the significant differences of life satisfaction. However, the income changes caused by PRP and subsidy levels did not show a significant impact. We discussed the particularity of Maduo County and suggested that more attention should be paid to the improvement of the social environment such as wealth disparity, channels of assistance, working environment, and the effective assistance formulated according to the demands of different groups needs to be optimized continuously, so as to enhance the self-development ability of herders.

We examined the effect of priming with attachment security on positive affect among 54 dependent individuals with depression and 51 self-critical individuals with depression. Participants received attachment security priming after they had completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire
and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results showed that dependent individuals experienced greater positive affect after priming, whereas there was no significant change in positive affect among self-critical individuals. These findings indicate that the 2 types of depression have distinct
development and change paths as regards positive affect, as well as different impact factors. Future researchers could further explore the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral differences between individuals with the 2 types of depression, to help improve clinical interventions.

For decades, resource-based cities in China have significantly contributed to China's socio-economic development. The heavy resource dependence of resource-based cities inevitably leads to a series of environmental problems. Mitigating environmental impacts in an unthinking manner might be disruptive for economic development. Improving eco-efficiency has been a crucial solution for protecting the environment while mitigating its negative economic impact. However, the method commonly used to evaluate the eco-efficiency – that is, the black-box data envelopment analysis (DEA) – cannot examine the inefficiencies of the internal structure, and as a result, the underlying management defects are unclear. To open the black box, this study presents a two-stage network DEA framework incorporating government and industrial sectors and measures the eco-efficiency of 84 resource-based cities during the post-financial crisis period (2007–2015). The results indicate that the average eco-efficiency of China's resource-based cities shows a promising increase, and there is a positive relationship between governance efficiency and production efficiency. The decreasing trend of governance efficiency in the Central, Western, and Northeast regions after 2014 shows the low quality of the government sector in the usage of fiscal income. Proactive disclosure of how the government sector conducts public business and spends taxpayers' money should be made to increase transparency, attract more entrepreneurial resources to carry out production activities, and further improve sustainability. The two-stage network DEA framework helps obtain more insights into the internal management defects of the government and industrial sectors and enhance their cooperation to improve the eco-efficiency precisely.

To put the brakes on global climate change, China, the world's top emitter, has established ambitious CO 2 emissions reduction targets. Industry-level emissions analysis can help policymakers determine better ways to achieve mitigation targets. This study is the first to target the total-factor carbon emission performance (TCPI) of secondary and service industries. We first compile industry-level CO 2 emission inventories of 25 Yangtze River Delta cities during 2007–2016. The TCPI of secondary and service industries is then estimated by the non-radial directional distance function. We then compare the TCPI of the two industries across levels, dynamics, and inequalities using a global metafrontier approach. The results show the TCPI of the service industry (0.563 in 2016) was significantly higher than that of secondary industry (0.256 in 2016), suggesting that the service industry was more carbon-friendly. The TCPI gap between the secondary and service industries narrowed over the study period. The TCPI of secondary industry showed a promising increase during 2007–2016 with an annual growth rate of 2.30%, reflecting the positive effects of the government's reforms and environmental regulations. By contrast, the service industry saw a downward trend in TCPI, decreasing by 1.68% annually, primarily because it is a newcomer to low-carbon development. TCPI inequality in secondary industry was much larger than in the service industry, suggesting that significant heterogeneity exists in secondary industry. Therefore, policymakers should implement targeted mitigation policies for secondary industry, and place decarbonising the service industry on the agenda to reverse its decreasing TCPI.

Objective: This study tested the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), compared with Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (CBT), in alleviating academic procrastination. Method: A total of 60 (53.3% male) undergraduates suffering from academic procrastination were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (ACT and CBT) and a control group. The procrastination symptoms and related psychological mechanisms were assessed immediately after the closure of treatment and at 3-month follow-up (FU). Results: Both therapies showed remarkable short-term effects in decreasing procrastination, but ACT had a better long-term effect. Participants achieved self-esteem enhancement through treatment of both ACT and CBT. While ACT significantly decreased negative affect and improved neuroticism, CBT had a stronger effect on time management. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both CBT and ACT are effective interventions for procrastinators but may have different therapeutic mechanisms.

Ya-Lan Zhou,1 Qiu-Mei Yao,1 Jiao Zhou,1 Yan Chang,1 Jin-Lan Li,1 Ya-Zhe Wang,1 Hong-Ping Wu,2 Yu-Hong Chen,1 Yan-Rong Liu,1 Xiao-Jun Huang,1 Guo-Rui Ruan1 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; 2Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China Background: Daunorubicin is a traditional chemotherapeutic agent that plays a pivotal role in leukemia therapy. However, the dose-related toxicity remains a considerable challenge. The apoptosis-regulating gene, PDCD5, is downregulated in various tumors, including leukemias, and may provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. The purpose of this study was to construct a triple-regulated oncolytic adenovirus carrying a PDCD5 gene expression cassette (SG611-PDCD5) and explore the combined antitumor efficacy of SG611-PDCD5 in combination with low dose daunorubicin on leukemic cells. Materials and methods: A variety of leukemic cell lines, including K562, MEG-01, KG-1a, HL-60, SUP-B15, and BV-173, were cultured according to the providers' instructions. The insertion and orientation of all recombined plasmids were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. The tumor-selective replication of the constructed conditionally replicating SG611-PDCD5 and its antitumor efficacy in combination with daunorubicin were characterized in leukemic cell lines in vitro and in a nude mouse xenograft model. Cell viability was detected using cell-counting kit-8. Apoptosis was detected in whole living cells using flow cytometry and in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: The triple-regulated CRAd carrying SG611-PDCD5 and nude mouse xenograft models of K562 cells were successfully constructed. In vitro treatment with SG611-PDCD5 in combination with low-dose daunorubicin elicited more potent anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Chou-Talalay analysis revealed synergistic anti-proliferative effects in all of the above cell lines. In the nude mice xenograft model, the tumor size in the control, daunorubicin, SG611-PDCD5, and combined treatment groups on day 10 were 170.1±47.8, 111.9±81.1, 60.7±12.3, and 33.2±17.5 mm3, respectively (all P<0.05). The results of the TUNEL assay showed significantly more apoptotic cells in the SG611-PDCD5 plus daunorubicin group than in the SG611-PDCD5 or daunorubicin groups alone (25±0.82, 12.5±2.27, and 7.8±2.67 apoptotic cells/field, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that combined treatment with SG611-PDCD5 and daunorubicin may be a promising strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity and thus lowering the dose-related toxicity of daunorubicin in leukemia therapy. Keywords: PDCD5 gene, oncolytic adenovirus, leukemia, gene therapy

Zheng-Liang Chen,1,* Cheng-Wu Zhang,2,* Lei Liang,2,* Han Wu,3,* Wan-Guang Zhang,4 Yong-Yi Zeng,5 Wei-Min Gu,6 Ting-Hao Chen,7 Jie Li,8 Yao-Ming Zhang,9 Hong Wang,10 Ya-Hao Zhou,11 Chao Li,2 Yong-Kang Diao,2 Wan Yee Lau,3,12 Meng-Chao Wu,3 Feng Shen,3 Tian Yang,3 Ying-Jian Liang1 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (Navy Medical University), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; 5Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, People's Republic of China; 6The First Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China; 7Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; 8Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Anhui, People's Republic of China; 9The 2nd Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; 10Department of General Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, Hunan, People's Republic of China; 11Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 12Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying-Jian LiangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Road, Heilongjiang 150006, People's Republic of ChinaEmail genomeliang@hotmail.comTian YangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), No. 225, Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of ChinaEmail yangtiandfgd@hotmail.comBackground: With an increase in life expectancy and improvement of surgical safety, more elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even with large tumors, are now considered for hepatectomy. This study aimed to clarify the impact of age on short- and long-term outcomes after major hepatectomy (≥ 3 segments) for large HCC (≥ 5 cm).Patients and Methods: Using a multicenter database, patients who underwent curative-intent major hepatectomy for large HCC between 2006 and 2016 were identified. Postoperative morbidity and mortality, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between the elderly (≥ 65 years) and younger ( 0.05). The 5-year OS and RFS rates in elderly patients were also comparable to younger patients (35.0% vs 33.2% and 20.0% vs 20.8%, both P> 0.05). In the entire cohort, multivariable Cox-regression analyses identified that old age was not independently associated with OS and RFS. However, in the elderly cohort, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level > 400 μg/L, multiple tumors, macrovascular invasion and microvascular invasion were independently associated with decreased OS and RFS.Conclusion: Carefully selected elderly patients benefited from major hepatectomy for large HCC as much as younger patients, and their long-term prognosis was determined by preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor number and presence of macro- or micro-vascular invasion.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatectomy, survival, recurrence, elderly