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Cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Abstract -- Samenvatting -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.1.1 Water Distribution System (WDS) Deterioration Issues -- 1.1.2 Water Distribution System Deterioration Process -- 1.2 Pipe Deterioration, Failure and Rehabilitation -- 1.2.1 Definition of Failure -- 1.2.2 Failure Risk in a Water Distribution Network -- 1.2.3 Water Distribution Network Rehabilitation Issues -- 1.2.4 Asset Management of Water Distribution System -- 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Roadmap -- 1.3.1 Research Objectives -- 1.3.2 Technical Roadmap and Thesis Structure -- Chapter 2 Water Distribution System Rehabilitation Strategy and Model -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Pipe Deterioration Models -- 2.2.1 Model Review -- 2.2.2 Model Drawbacks and Challenges -- 2.2.3 Characters of the New Model -- 2.3 Pipe Criticality Assessment Model -- 2.3.1 Model Review -- 2.3.2 Model Drawbacks and Challenges -- 2.3.3 Characters of the New Model -- 2.4 Water Main Optimal Rehabilitation Decision Model -- 2.4.1 Model Review -- 2.4.2 Model Drawbacks and Challenges -- 2.4.3 Characters of the New Model -- 2.5 Summary -- Chapter 3 Pipe Breakage Number Prediction Model -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Pipe Deterioration Influence Factor -- 3.2.1 Overview of the Main Influence Factors -- 3.2.2 Influence Factor Selection -- 3.3 Methodologies -- 3.3.1 Pipe Breakage Number Prediction Modelling and Methods -- 3.3.2 Modelling Process and Computer Implementation -- 3.3.3 Multivariable Nonlinear Regression Analysis -- 3.5 Summary -- 3.4 Modelling -- 3.4.1 Pipe Classification and Aggregation -- 3.4.2 Regression Analysis -- 3.4.3 Model Test and Formula Fitting -- Chapter 4 Pipe Criticality Assessment Model -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Indicators Concerning Criticality -- 4.2.1 Pipe Condition Assessment Model

The anticommons in knowledge is distinct from the anticommons in physical objects. The former is always tragic, the latter not necessarily so. For society at large, the tragedy of the anticommons is more serious when it involves knowledge than when it involves physical resources. Buchanan and Yoon's (2000) formal model of the anticommons is incorrect even within the neoclassical context, and their neoliberal suggestion that single ownership is the socially optimal solution to the tragedy of the knowledge anticommons is misleading. This article argues that the only, epistemically and socially beneficial solution to the tragedy of the knowledge anticommons is to create, expand, and protect the knowledge commons. The article also constructs a simple formal model based on Bessen and Maskin's (2006) sequential model, as a metaphor for how the comedy of the knowledge commons works. The analysis supports the worldwide movement for free knowledge, and dissents from the evolving political and academic consensus in China in favor of more restrictive intellectual property regimes.

Based on first-hand field research data, this paper explores the construction of a 'Farmers' City' in Wenzhou in the early 1980s. It studies the actors, their relationships, and the institutions, and proposes a 'state-society interdependence model'. It concludes that the spontaneous, bottom-up urbanization process initiated by farmers as described in the texts was actually the win-win result of an interactive and interdependent relationship between the farmers and local government. The reasons are: (1) the actors, including the local government, the specialized farmers (zhuanye hu), and the other farmers, collectively owned, controlled, and obtained the resources; (2) in terms of the mobilization-response process, the close patron-client ties between the farmers and local government formed a strong interdependent relationship; and (3) in terms of the institutional reforms, the folk interests and demands were always a reference point for the local government. The farmers and their government were partners, participants, and practitioners in grassroots institutional reform. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Seen from "inside the IAU," this book tells the in-depth story of a major crisis in which China "divorced" from the International Astronomical Union in 1960 as a protest against the admission of Taiwan. This happened to all the scientific unions at the same time, and to the Olympic Games, which, unexpectedly, would serve as a laboratory for the "reconciliation" which took place following the re-opening of China to the world 20 years later. The so-called "China conflict" is the most important crisis in the post-WWII history of the IAU. Yet, many details about this conflict and its links to broader geopolitical events have long remained unsettled, obscure, or altogether absent. In particular, the book describes for the first time the "separation" period, which covered the Cultural Revolution, and in which the IAU made desperate official efforts to reach out to China, while some groups of Western and Chinese astronomers managed to keep contact at times. On the occasion of the IAU Centenary celebrations in 2019, the book revisits this painful succession of events using unpublished documents from the IAU Archives and the International Council of Scientific Unions. The book also contains supplementary typescripts of selected handwritten correspondences and the full translation of key original Chinese documents unknown to readers outside China. What emerges is a complex and fascinating story of human relations and science diplomacy under the shadow of the Cold War. Readers will learn how the 20-year "China conflict" as lived by astronomers and scientists is important not only for the history of the IAU, but also for the history of contemporary China. "This book is full of so many original documents of the IAU office, very reliable and good to open to the public readers." Shuhua Ye, Shanghai Observatory (IAU Vice-President, 1988-1994) This book is a companion book to "Astronomers as Diplomats," published at the same time in the same series.

This study revisits the association between bilateral relations and trade based on rare-event data from Integrated Data for Event Analysis (IDEA). Our results suggest that a country imports more from another if the two countries are friendlier. We further argue that states face two constraints when attempting to manipulate trade. First, they are constrained by domestic institutions such as elections and congress. Second, they are constrained by international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Our results show that the imports of authoritarian countries follow the flag of politics, but democratic countries' imports are less likely to be affected by bilateral relations. Moreover, WTO membership can gradually restrict democratic states from intervening on imports but has little impact on authoritarian governments.

Research has been conducted to explore the effect of factors relating to coaches' leadership on Chinese athletes' burnout, but less attention has been paid to coaches' leadership style, such as benevolent leadership. In this study conducted with 282 athletes at three Chinese universities,
we investigated how the benevolent leadership of the coach is related to athlete burnout and if athletes' psychological safety mediates this relationship. We analyzed survey data using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that coaches' benevolent leadership was negatively associated
with athlete burnout, and this relationship was mediated by psychological safety. These findings enhance understanding of the mechanism between coaches' benevolent leadership and athlete burnout, and shed light on the important role in this relationship of athletes' perception of psychological
safety.